The change in plasma GABA, glutamine and glutamate levels in fluoxetine- or S-citalopram-treated female patients with major depression

Abstract

Our findings may suggest that GABA, glutamate and glutamine play a role in depression and that plasma GABA may be used as a biomarker for treatment control.

Ketamine ameliorates depressive-like behaviors and immune alterations in adult rats following maternal deprivation

“…Still, repeated maternal separation or stress altered or lead to overactivation of glutamate receptors in the brains of rats [36,37]. In humans with major depressive disorder, an increase in glutamate levels in the plasma and postmortem samples of the frontal cortex was also reported [38,39]. Such changes can lead to alterations in neurons, including excitotoxicity.…”

In vivo study on the neurotransmitters and their metabolites change in depressive disorder rat plasma by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry

“…The results of the present study indicated that both DA and HVA concentrations did not vary significantly between the normal and the CUMS model groups, and that fluoxetine showed no significant effect on either concentration. One possible reason was that the DA dysfunction in depression patients might be the sign of diathetic depression or depression subtypes, and medication could not change the concentration of DA or HVA [33].…”

El papel del ácido gamma-aminobutírico en la depresión de la mujer

“…Los resultados mostraron que las concentraciones sanguíneas de GABA eran menores en las mujeres deprimidas que en las controles. En las mujeres bajo tratamiento, se observó que las concentraciones plasmáticas de GABA se incrementaron con respecto a las basales 47 .…”