The changing face of scientific conferences: Face to face, online or a hybrid model?

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented novel challenges in all aspects of life. The arena of scientific conferences was no exception.Such meetings were forced to move to online platforms as face-toface events were not permitted to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an urgent need to maximize communication between members of the scientific community to share knowledge and insights into the quickly evolving emergency. 1 Currently, many scientific conferences and meetings are returning to face-to-face events, but many are now combining these with an online option, called a hybrid format. There are pros and cons to each format, and in this editorial, we explore the advantages and disadvantages of face-to-face, online and hybrid scientific conferences.The primary function of scientific conferences is sharing knowledge and good practice. While it is challenging to objectively quantify and compare outcomes of all styles of conference, some researchers have tried to explore this. 2 One study comparing learning effectiveness between a face-to-face and virtual conference found that the virtual conference was perceived as significantly more effective than a face-to-face one in all criteria assessed. 2 However, it is important not to underestimate the value of informal learning and networking at conferences and how this may be hindered by the virtual conference format. 2 Traditionally, conferences allow, encourage and even facilitate attendees to meet with others who share similar interests.