The changing retail industry and retail landscapes

Tokatlı, Nebahat; Boyaci, Yonca

doi:10.1016/s0264-2751(98)00030-4

Cited by 45 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Before the 1980s, Turkey's retailing and manufacturing sectors were characterized by import-substituting industrialization and a publicly or privately owned -but government-dependent -industrial sector that showed little responsiveness to changes in international circumstances (Tokatli & Boyaci, 1998). The business environment was protected and directed to the domestic market, and FDIs were discouraged.…”

Section: Retail Development In Turkey: Defining Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From 1981 to 1993, a particularly high rate of economic growth occurred (Tokatli & Boyaci, 1998). The late 1980s' shift from manufacturing to consumption (Tokatli & Boyaci, 2001;Tokatli & Erkip, 1998), as well as decreasing government control, increasing privatization and increasing flexibility in regulating foreign investments, began to change the organizational structure of the retail sector.…”

Section: Retail Development In Turkey: Defining Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It took another decade for domestic and international retailers to become extensively involved in retailing, mainly because of the country's fragmented retail structure, which makes performing in a large-scale retail environment difficult (Tokatli & Boyaci, 1998). Beginning in the 1990s, domestic and transnational corporations (TNCs), the latter usually joint ventures with domestic partners, began to change the nature of the sector, with large and organized retail investments creating a rich consumer market (see Tokatli and Boyaci for a list and the retail activities of these corporations).…”

Section: The First Period: Global Impacts On the Organization Of The mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the relatively late influence of global economic trends in Turkey (beginning in the late 1990s), foreign investment penetrated the country's retail sector quite quickly. This development attracted the attention of scholars regarding various aspects of Turkish retailing, and the subject has generated a growing literature (see, for example, Erkip, Kizilgun, & Mugan Akinci, 2013;Erkip, Kizilgun, & Mugan Akinci, 2014;Erkip, 2003Erkip, , 2005Ozuduru & Varol, 2011;Ozuduru et al, 2014;Tokatli & Boyaci, 1998). This article documents the last two decades of transformation in Turkey's retail sector, which have been characterized by a more organized development of the sector than traditionally existed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retail development in Turkey: An account after two decades of shopping malls in the urban scene

Erkíp

Ozuduru

2015

Progress in Planning

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The social, economic and environmental impacts of large-scale retail outlets on existing retail and urban systems have been extensively discussed in the planning literature. This article documents the last two decades of transformation in Turkey's retail sector, which have been characterized by a more organized development of the sector than traditionally existed. We begin our analysis with the late 1980s and early 1990s, when more-liberal and outward-looking policies began to emerge in Turkish economic policy. Changes in the economy and related legislation prepared a base for the subsequent transformations of that decade, culminating, especially in large cities, in the development of shopping malls as alternative retail spaces to traditional markets and stores on a shopping street. We believe that the Turkish case reveals specific aspects of resistance, adaptation and change, and thus needs a detailed account. After providing a general picture of retailing and its transformation in Turkey, we provide empirical evidence from Ankara, the capital city, through which all important dynamics of retailing are exemplified. To this end, we ask the following questions: What are the evolving processes behind the existing location patterns of shopping centres in Ankara? What is the extent of the change in definition of the new public realm? How do street retailers survive? Who are the actors and what are their approaches towards retail planning in Turkey? The answers to these questions may provide implications for urban policy and retail planning in Turkey. The case may also be interesting for countries experiencing similar patterns of change and development, that is, where the globalization process in retailing and consumption-related sites began later than in other countries and observed fastpaced development. #

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Section: Retail Development In Turkey: Defining Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Retail Development In Turkey: Defining Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The First Period: Global Impacts On the Organization Of The mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Retail development in Turkey: An account after two decades of shopping malls in the urban scene

Erkíp

Ozuduru

2015

Progress in Planning

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“…The recent changes in Turkey's retail sector due to changing economic policies and consumption patterns from the influence of global trends and long-lasting EU relationships have been discussed in earlier research in detail (See Erkip, 2005Erkip, , 2003Erkip et al, in press;Ozcan, 2000;Tokatli and ve Boyaci, 1998). The resulting changes in government policies and related legislation have mostly aided big capital to invest in shopping malls, gated communities and office towers to provide high-income groups a globally crafted life.…”

Section: Recent Transformations In the Retail Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Retailers’ resilience strategies and their impacts on urban spaces in Turkey

Erkíp

Kızılgün²,

Akinci

2014

Cities

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a b s t r a c tRecent developments in the retail sector in Turkey have created a dynamic environment, with different resilience strategies of actors forming the sector providing a new context in which to discuss urban transformation. The developments have contributed to the public's awareness regarding multifaceted problems in the retail sector, many of which have a negative impact on urban space. Retailers, citizens and governing bodies variously contribute to this issue with different perceptions of and strategies on how to adapt to the changes. How these dynamics work and influence urban space in the Turkish context is the main focus of this research. A field survey in Ankara revealed that the resilience strategies of traditional retailers are reactive rather than proactive. This situation provides them with the flexibility to adapt themselves more quickly to the changes in the sector. However, as there is no holistic retail policy in Turkey, reactive strategies also result in unplanned use of urban space.

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