The Chicano and Transactional Analysis

Machismo, gender role conflict, and mental health in Mexican American men.

“…In contrast, A. Ruiz (1976) promoted a prosocial view of machismo as reflecting concern for people who are unable to protect themselves, whereas R. Ruiz (1981) defined machismo as connoting physical strength, sexual attractiveness, virtue, dignity in personal conduct, and respect for others. Valdez, Baron, and Ponce (1987) posited that antisocial definitions of machismo had resulted from problems with language translation wherein machismo was inappropriately equated with chauvinism.…”

“…In contrast, A. Ruiz (1976) promoted a prosocial view of machismo as reflecting concern for people who are unable to protect themselves, whereas R.…”