The cholinergic system, circadian rhythmicity, and time memory

Hut, Roelof A.; Zee, van der Eddy

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.11.039

Cited by 151 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…We confirm this finding and are adding new knowledge about no M 4 MR presence in SCN. Another report indicated the presence of MR (generally) using immunohistochemistry (Hut & Van der Zee, 2011). It is not surprising that the PCR technique identified all five muscarinic receptor subtypes in the rat SCN (Yang, Wang, Cheng, Kuo, & Huang, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The striatum, the thalamus, and the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL (Hughes & Piggins, 2012; Morin, 2013)) are also areas with locomotor biorhythmic effects. The SCN is innervated by cholinergic nerves (Hut & Van der Zee, 2011), but does not need to be necessarily intrinsically cholinergic (van den Pol & Tsujimoto, 1985). It receives cholinergic projections from basal forebrain and brain stem tegmentum (Bina, Rusak, & Semba, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It receives cholinergic projections from basal forebrain and brain stem tegmentum (Bina, Rusak, & Semba, 1993). There are species differences in the presence of cholinergic neurons in the SCN in rat, hamster, and mouse (Hut & Van der Zee, 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This hypothesis is based on the fact that M 4 MR are considered as receptors able to inhibit acetylcholine release (Bymaster et al., 2003). Acetylcholine levels are higher in the active period (Hut & Van der Zee, 2011). Thus, the lack of inhibitory M 4 MR would increase acetylcholine levels and, thus, increase locomotion in dark period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The deletion of M₄ muscarinic receptors increases motor activity in females in the dark phase

et al. 2018

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ObjectivesM4 muscarinic receptors (MR) presumably play a role in motor coordination. Previous studies have shown different results depending on genetic background and number of backcrosses. However, no attention has been given to biorhythms.Material and MethodsWe therefore analyzed biorhythms under a light/dark cycle obtained telemetrically in intact animals (activity, body temperature) in M4 KO mice growth on the C57Bl6 background using ChronosFit software. Studying pure effects of gene knockout in daily rhythms is especially important knowledge for pharmacological/behavioral studies in which drugs are usually tested in the morning.ResultsWe show that M4 KO mice motor activity does not differ substantially from wild‐type mice during light period while in the dark phase (mice active part of the day), the M4 KO mice reveal biorhythm changes in many parameters. Moreover, these differences are sex‐dependent and are evident in females only. Mesor, night–day difference, and night value were doubled or tripled when comparing female KO versus male KO. Our in vitro autoradiography demonstrates that M4 MR proportion represents 24% in the motor cortex (MOCx), 30% in the somatosensory cortex, 50% in the striatum, 69% in the thalamus, and 48% in the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL). The M4 MR densities were negligible in the subparaventricular zone, the posterior hypothalamic area, and in the suprachiasmatic nuclei.ConclusionsWe conclude that cholinergic signaling at M4 MR in brain structures such as striatum, MOCx, and probably with the important participation of IGL significantly control motor activity biorhythm. Animal activity differs in the light and dark phases, which should be taken into consideration when interpreting the results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The deletion of M₄ muscarinic receptors increases motor activity in females in the dark phase

et al. 2018

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“…The clinical loss of learning and memory abilities is mainly due to a significant decrease in brain cholinergic activity, and marked glutamatergic excitotoxicity that results in neuronal death [18][19][20]. The cholinergic neurotoxicity of Aβ and the regulatory role of cholinergic receptor in the processing of APP have been summarized recently [21][22][23].…”

Section: New Definition and Pathology Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress and concerns in dementia: Distinguishing Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies via biochemical markers in the cerebrospinal fluid

Mao¹

2012

ABC

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Dementia is mainly a neurodegenerative disorder involved in several systems, including central nervous system, endocrinology/metabolism system and circulatory system. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are the most common forms of the dementia, accounting for 60% -80% and 10% -20% of all cases, respectively. DLB is defined by widespread neocortical, limbic and brainstem Lewy bodies but frequently accompanied by variable levels of AD pathology. This pathological and clinical overlap makes their differential diagnosis complicated. Recent advances in the identification of disease biomarkers now make it possible to detect and distinguish their pathology in the early or preclinical stage of the diseases, even in cognitively normal individuals. In addition to the key biomarkers (amyloid β or Aβ, tau and α-synuclein), neurotrophins such as cocaineand amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) have also drawn attention due to their expressions and functions. This article summarizes the progress in the definition, pathology and diagnosis of dementia, with a focus on potential biochemical markers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the differential diagnosis of the main forms of dementia. To prediction or early diagnosis of dementia, the role of specific and sensitive CSF biomarkers seems to be crucial in a routine clinical setting. The concerns and challenges in the biomarker field are also discussed.

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Sevoflurane inhalation has a cognitive impairing effect of aging rats involving the regulation of AChE and ChAT

Yang

et al. 2021

Ibrain

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BackgroundAcetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) are closely related to the regulation of learning and memory. Nevertheless, whether sevoflurane has influence on cognition through regulating the expression of AChE and ChAT remains unclear.MethodsAging rat model was established by subcutaneously injection of D‐galactose for 6 consecutive weeks. To determine the role of AChE and ChAT in sevoflurane‐induced cognitive impairment, the Morris water maze (MWM) was used to assess the cognitive and memory function after sevoflurane exposure. Then, the variations of AChE and ChAT was detected by western blotting analysis and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) respectively.ResultsOur result indicated that aging model rats had showed cognition decline at 2 hours and 1week after exposure to sevoflurane. Moreover, the expression of AChE and ChAT enhanced in rats that had inhaled sevoflurane. Interestingly, our study also found that the increase of oxygen concentration had a positive impact on the gene expression of ChAT.ConclusionWe have identified that the overexpression of AChE and ChAT improved significantly cognitive function after sevoflurane exposure.

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The cholinergic system, circadian rhythmicity, and time memory

Cited by 151 publications

References 188 publications

The deletion of M₄ muscarinic receptors increases motor activity in females in the dark phase

The deletion of M₄ muscarinic receptors increases motor activity in females in the dark phase

Recent progress and concerns in dementia: Distinguishing Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies via biochemical markers in the cerebrospinal fluid

Sevoflurane inhalation has a cognitive impairing effect of aging rats involving the regulation of AChE and ChAT

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The cholinergic system, circadian rhythmicity, and time memory

Cited by 151 publications

References 188 publications

The deletion of M4 muscarinic receptors increases motor activity in females in the dark phase

The deletion of M4 muscarinic receptors increases motor activity in females in the dark phase

Recent progress and concerns in dementia: Distinguishing Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies via biochemical markers in the cerebrospinal fluid

Sevoflurane inhalation has a cognitive impairing effect of aging rats involving the regulation of AChE and ChAT

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The deletion of M₄ muscarinic receptors increases motor activity in females in the dark phase

The deletion of M₄ muscarinic receptors increases motor activity in females in the dark phase