The CIOA (Carrot Improvement for Organic Agriculture) project: location, cropping system and genetic background influence carrot performance including top height and flavour

Simon, Philipp W.; Navazio, John P.; Colley, Micaela; McCluskey, C. S.; Zystro, Jared; Hoagland, Lori; Roberts, Phillip; Toit, L. J. du; Waters, Tim; Silva, E.; Colquhoun, Jed; Núñez, José Manuel Ruiz

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2017.1153.1

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Recently, the use of the so-called "organic seeds" vs. conventionally produced seeds is raised as an ethical issue (European Parliament and of the Council, 2018). However, the better quality of organic seeds in terms of their contribution to agriculture sustainability, nutritional quality, and yield performance is under intensive debate (e.g., Bhaskar et al, 2019;Voss-Fels et al, 2019) and requires scientific validation (Simon et al, 2017;Abdelrazek et al, 2020a,b). Appropriate methods and tools are in absolute need to discriminate organic vs. conventional seeds by traits that should allow predicting the superior quality of organic seeds.…”

Section: Seed Germination/reprogramming As a Model To Study Plant Adaptive Robustnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Reprogramming During Early Seed Germination Requires Temporarily Enhanced Fermentation-A Critical Role for Alternative Oxidase Regulation That Concerns Also Microbiota Effectiveness

et al. 2021

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Plants respond to environmental cues via adaptive cell reprogramming that can affect whole plant and ecosystem functionality. Microbiota constitutes part of the inner and outer environment of the plant. This Umwelt underlies steady dynamics, due to complex local and global biotic and abiotic changes. Hence, adaptive plant holobiont responses are crucial for continuous metabolic adjustment at the systems level. Plants require oxygen-dependent respiration for energy-dependent adaptive morphology, such as germination, root and shoot growth, and formation of adventitious, clonal, and reproductive organs, fruits, and seeds. Fermentative paths can help in acclimation and, to our view, the role of alternative oxidase (AOX) in coordinating complex metabolic and physiological adjustments is underestimated. Cellular levels of sucrose are an important sensor of environmental stress. We explored the role of exogenous sucrose and its interplay with AOX during early seed germination. We found that sucrose-dependent initiation of fermentation during the first 12 h after imbibition (HAI) was beneficial to germination. However, parallel upregulated AOX expression was essential to control negative effects by prolonged sucrose treatment. Early downregulated AOX activity until 12 HAI improved germination efficiency in the absence of sucrose but suppressed early germination in its presence. The results also suggest that seeds inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can buffer sucrose stress during germination to restore normal respiration more efficiently. Following this approach, we propose a simple method to identify organic seeds and low-cost on-farm perspectives for early identifying disease tolerance, predicting plant holobiont behavior, and improving germination. Furthermore, the research strengthens the view that AOX can serve as a powerful functional marker source for seed hologenomes.

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Section: Seed Germination/reprogramming As a Model To Study Plant Adaptive Robustnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Reprogramming During Early Seed Germination Requires Temporarily Enhanced Fermentation-A Critical Role for Alternative Oxidase Regulation That Concerns Also Microbiota Effectiveness

et al. 2021

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“…However, the better quality of organic seeds in terms of their contribution to agriculture sustainability, nutritional quality and yield performance is under intensive debate (e.g. Voss-Fels et al, 2019, Bhaskar et al, 2019) and requires scientific clarification (Simon et al, 2017, Abdelrazek et al, 2020a,b). Appropriate methods and tools are the need of the time in order to discriminate organic versus conventional seeds by traits that should at the same time allow predicting the assumed superior quality of organic seeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive reprogramming during early seed germination requires temporarily enhanced fermentation – a critical role for alternative oxidase (AOX) regulation that concerns also microbiota effectiveness

Bharadwaj

Noceda

Mohanapriya

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Plants respond to environmental cues via adaptive cell reprogramming that can affect whole plant and ecosystem functionality. Microbiota constitutes part of plants inner and outer environment. This Umwelt underlies steady dynamics, due to complex local and global biotic and abiotic changes. Hence, adaptive plant holobiont responses are crucial for continuous metabolic adjustment at systems levels. Plants require oxygen-dependent respiration for energy-dependent adaptive morphology, such as, germination, root and shoot growth, formation of adventitious, clonal and reproductive organs, fruits and seeds. Fermentative paths can help in acclimation and, to our view the role of alternative oxidase (AOX) in coordinating complex metabolic and physiologic adjustments is underestimated. Cellular level of sucrose is an important sensor of environmental stress. We explored the role of exogenous sucrose and its interplay with AOX during early seed germination. We found that sucrose-dependent initiation of fermentation during the first 12 hours after imbibition (HAI) was beneficial to germination. However, parallel enhanced AOX expression was essential to control negative effects by prolonged sucrose treatment. Early down-regulated AOX activity until 12 HAI improved germination efficiency in the absence of sucrose, but suppressed early germination in its presence. Our results also suggest that seeds-inoculated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can buffer sucrose stress during germination to restore normal respiration more efficiently. Following this approach, we propose a simple method to identify organic seeds and low-cost on-farm perspectives for early selection on disease tolerance, predicting plant holobiont behavior and improving germination. Furthermore, our research strengthens the view that AOX can serve as powerful functional marker source for seed hologenomes.

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“…In contrast, selecting varieties in organic farming systems where plants are more reliant on organic materials to obtain nutrients could lead to the development of varieties that promote organic matter priming. Consequently, it is tempting to speculate that our organic breeding program has selected for genotypes that are better at scavenging nutrients from organic materials, since experimental genotypes 8503 and 3999 have been performing well in our organic eld trials (Simon et al, 2017). However, future studies conducted under a diverse set of environmental conditions will be needed to con rm whether this is the case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our organic carrot breeding program, we have observed potential differences in NUE among entries grown in our eld trials (Simon et al, 2017). We have also determined that carrot genotypes host distinct microbial assemblages in their taproots which can play a role in helping carrot plants resist pathogens (Abdelrazek et al, 2020a,b), and we suspect that these microbes could also in uence SOM priming and NUE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Other factors that could have in uenced greater N scavenging capacity in genotype 8503 is its potential for rapid development of early top growth (Simon et al, 2017), and capacity to obtain greater concentrations of N in its aboveground tissues relative to the other genotypes (Table 4). While we did not explicitly track the rate of top growth in this study, we have observed that 8503 often has more rapid early top growth in eld trials associated with our ongoing carrot breeding program (Simon et al, 2017). Potato cultivars with rapid early canopy development have been demonstrated to have greater NUE in organic farming systems that rely on organic fertility sources (Tiemens-Hulscher et al 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Carrot genotypes differentially alter soil microbial communities and organic matter priming

Triviño¹,

Rodríguez-Sánchez²,

Filley³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Purpose Farmers need alternative approaches to manage nitrogen (N) that meet crop needs while reducing loss to the environment. Identifying crop genotypes that promote positive priming of organic matter in soil could help address this challenge. We aimed to 1) determine whether carrot genotypes differ in their potential to facilitate organic matter decomposition to scavenge N in soil, and 2) identify microbial taxa that are stimulated by carrot roots and thus could play a role in these processes. Methods We grew five genotypes expected to differ in N use efficiency in a nutrient-poor soil amended with 15N-enriched corn residue, tracked changes in carbon (C) and N pools, quantified microbial activity and bacterial community composition, and predicted the potential expression of microbial genes involved in soil C and N cycles. Results Experimental genotypes 8503 and 3999 had the greatest capacity to promote priming. Distinct bacterial communities from the families Micromonosporaceae, Chromatiaceae, and Rhodospirillaceae were enriched in the soils of genotypes most effective in scavenging N and this was correlated with genes responsible for β-glucosidase and nitrification activity. Conclusions Carrot genotypes do differ in the potential to stimulate microbially-mediated decomposition of organic materials indicating that it may be possible to begin selecting for this important trait.

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The CIOA (Carrot Improvement for Organic Agriculture) project: location, cropping system and genetic background influence carrot performance including top height and flavour

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Adaptive Reprogramming During Early Seed Germination Requires Temporarily Enhanced Fermentation-A Critical Role for Alternative Oxidase Regulation That Concerns Also Microbiota Effectiveness

Adaptive Reprogramming During Early Seed Germination Requires Temporarily Enhanced Fermentation-A Critical Role for Alternative Oxidase Regulation That Concerns Also Microbiota Effectiveness

Adaptive reprogramming during early seed germination requires temporarily enhanced fermentation – a critical role for alternative oxidase (AOX) regulation that concerns also microbiota effectiveness

Carrot genotypes differentially alter soil microbial communities and organic matter priming

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