The circadian visual system, 2005

Morin, L.P.; Allen, Charles N.

doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2005.08.003

Cited by 638 publications

(250 citation statements)

References 622 publications

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“…The PVT receives innervation from the suprachiasmatic nucleus [SCN; the circadian pacemaker in the mammalian brain; (129, 130)]. The studies that are cited above were performed during the rats' active (dark) phase to avoid behavioral confounds that could be caused by circadian oscillations of neuronal activity in the PVT.…”

Section: The Paraventricular Nucleus Of the Thalamus Controls Drug-sementioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Seeking and Relapse: New Evidence of a Role for Orexin and Dynorphin Co-transmission in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Thalamus

Matzeu

Martin‐Fardon

2018

Front. Neurol.

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The long-lasting vulnerability to relapse remains the main challenge for the successful treatment of drug addiction. Neural systems that are involved in processing natural rewards and drugs of abuse overlap. However, neuroplasticity that is caused by drug exposure may be responsible for maladaptive, compulsive, and addictive behavior. The orexin (Orx) system participates in regulating numerous physiological processes, including energy metabolism, arousal, and feeding, and is recruited by drugs of abuse. The Orx system is differentially recruited by drugs and natural rewards. Specifically, we found that the Orx system is more engaged by drugs than by non-drugs, such as sweetened condensed milk (SCM) or a glucose saccharin solution (GSS), in an operant model of reward seeking. Although stimuli (S+) that are conditioned to cocaine (COC), ethanol, and SCM/GSS equally elicited reinstatement, Orx receptor blockade reversed conditioned reinstatement for drugs vs. non-drugs. Moreover, the hypothalamic recruitment of Orx cells was greater in rats that were tested with the COC S+ vs. SCM S+, indicating of a preferential role for the Orx system in perseverative, compulsive-like COC seeking and not behavior that is motivated by palatable food. Accumulating evidence indicates that the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), which receives major Orx projections, mediates drug-seeking behavior. All Orx neurons contain dynorphin (Dyn), and Orx and Dyn are co-released. In the VTA, they play opposing roles in reward and motivation. To fully understand the physiological and behavioral roles of Orx transmission in the PVT, one important consideration is that Orx neurons that project to the PVT may co-release Orx with another peptide, such as Dyn. The PVT expresses both Orx receptors and κ opioid receptors, suggesting that Orx and Dyn act in tandem when released in the PVT, in addition to the VTA. The present review discusses recent findings that suggest the maladaptive recruitment of Orx/Dyn-PVT neurotransmission by drugs of abuse vs. a highly palatable food reward.

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Section: The Paraventricular Nucleus Of the Thalamus Controls Drug-sementioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Seeking and Relapse: New Evidence of a Role for Orexin and Dynorphin Co-transmission in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Thalamus

Matzeu

Martin‐Fardon

2018

Front. Neurol.

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“…By projecting to areas outside the hypothalamus, such as the lateral geniculate bodies and the PVN of the thalamus, the SCN neurons can synchronize hypothalamic-induced behavior (e.g., feeding) and locomotor activity. The circadian control of rest/ activity cycles involves not only neuronal connections but also SCN paracrine signaling, e.g., the secretion of transforming growth factor-a and prokineticin-2 [10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroendocrine-immune correlates of circadian physiology: studies in experimental models of arthritis, ethanol feeding, aging, social isolation, and calorie restriction

Esquifino

Cano

Jiménez-Ortega

et al. 2007

Endocr

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Virtually all neuroendocrine and immunological variables investigated in animals and humans display biological periodicity. Circadian rhythmicity is revealed for every hormone in circulation as well as for circulating immune cells, lymphocyte metabolism and transformability, cytokines, receptors, and adhesion molecules. Clock genes, notably the three Period (Per1/Per2/Per3) genes and two Cryptochrome (Cry1/Cry2) genes, are present in immune and endocrine cells and are expressed in a circadian manner in human cells. This review discusses the circadian disruption of hormone release and immune-related mechanisms in several animal models in which circulating cytokines are modified including rat adjuvant arthritis, social isolation in rats and rabbits and alcoholism, the aging process and calorie restriction in rats. In every case the experimental manipulation used perturbed the temporal organization by affecting the shape and amplitude of a rhythm or by modifying the intrinsic oscillatory mechanism itself.

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“…Light reaches the SCN through the retinohypothalamic tract and causes the release of neurotransmitters (glutamate and PACAP), which initiates a signal transduction cascade in SCN neurons that ultimately results in a phase shift of the circadian system (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Exposure to light pulses at night synchronizes the clock by inducing phase delays during the early night and phase advances during the late subjective night (i.e., when under constant conditions the animal behaves as if it were the night) (10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sildenafil accelerates reentrainment of circadian rhythms after advancing light schedules

Agostino

Plano

Golombék

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Mammalian circadian rhythms are generated by a master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei and entrained by lightactivated signaling pathways. In hamsters, the mechanism responsible for light-induced phase advances involves the activation of guanylyl cyclase, cGMP and its related kinase (PKG). It is not completely known whether interference with this pathway affects entrainment of the clock, including adaptation to changing light schedules. Here we report that cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase 5 is present in the hamster suprachiasmatic nuclei, and administration of the inhibitor sildenafil (3.5 mg/kg, i.p.) enhances circadian responses to light and decreases the amount of time necessary for reentrainment after phase advances of the light-dark cycle. These results suggest that sildenafil may be useful for treatment of circadian adaptation to environmental changes, including transmeridian eastbound flight schedules.cGMP phosphodiesterase ͉ resynchronization ͉ suprachiasmatic nuclei ͉ phase advance

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The circadian visual system, 2005

Cited by 638 publications

References 622 publications

Drug Seeking and Relapse: New Evidence of a Role for Orexin and Dynorphin Co-transmission in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Thalamus

Drug Seeking and Relapse: New Evidence of a Role for Orexin and Dynorphin Co-transmission in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Thalamus

Neuroendocrine-immune correlates of circadian physiology: studies in experimental models of arthritis, ethanol feeding, aging, social isolation, and calorie restriction

Sildenafil accelerates reentrainment of circadian rhythms after advancing light schedules

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