The circulating level of interleukins 6 and 18 in ischemic and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy

Abstract

Introduction: By aging population, the heart failure and its life-threatening complications have become an enormous issue in public health. Regarding the inflammation as a major contributing pathological factor, the determination of most important inflammatory targets for immunomodulation is a problematic puzzle in the treatment of heart failure patients and the inflammatory pathways primarily involved in different underlying conditions contributing to heart failure can be an area which is worthy of focused research. Considering the dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) as a relatively high-incident disease leading to heart failure, the aim of this study is to determine the difference in the expression level of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-18 in patients with ischemic and idiopathic DCM. Methods: 39 non-diabetic patients with ischemic and 37 ones with idiopathic DCM were enrolled in the study. 48 healthy individuals were also considered as control group. For quantitative determination of the mRNA expression level of IL-6 and IL-18 genes, an in-house- SYBR Green real-time PCR was used and Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was considered as internal control gene. The left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was calculated by 2D echocardiographic assessment. Data were finally analyzed via SPSS statistical software version 19.0 using independent t test and 2-∆∆Ct method and P<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The IL-6 was significantly higher expressed in patients with ischemic and idiopathic DCM than in healthy controls (274.3 and 168.8 times, respectively, both P values <0.001). The same higher expression of IL-18 was observed in ischemic DCM (48.5 times) and idiopathic DCM (45.2 times) compared with healthy individuals (both P values <0.001). Conclusion: Both ischemic and idiopathic DCM associates with IL-6 and IL-18 overexpression. However, no significant difference was observed between these two subtypes of DCM in either interleukin expression level. There is certainly need to further studies for evaluating the uniformity of results and also assessing other molecules in determining their roles in pathophysiology and probable utility for management.

IL-34 affects fibroblast-like synoviocyte proliferation, apoptosis and function by regulating IL-17

“…The primer sequences used are summarized in Table 1 . The expression levels of different genes were calculated using the 2 −△△Ct method 18 . Three independent replicates were performed for each index.…”

Expression of interleukin 1, interleukin 27, and TNF α genes in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy versus idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: A case‐control study

“… 14 Many studies emphasize on deleterious effects of IL‐1 on infarction and remodeling of the heart. 15 This cytokine has an important impaction on modulating myocardial function and is increased in HF patients, 16 but according to some challengeable studies, concentrations of IL‐1 in IDCM patients might not be elevated rather than in the control group. 17 In some other research, an effective role of IL‐1 has been explained that could facilitate the immigration of macrophages and monocytes into tissues in inflammatory conditions.…”

MiR-181a and -b expression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its correlation with acute graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, COVID-19 and torque teno viruses

“…As previously described, total RNA was extracted using the TRIZOL reagent (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer's instructions. [ 31 , 32 , 67 ].…”

“…In accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, complementary DNA (cDNA) was transcribed, using SuPrime Script RT Premix (2X) cDNA Synthesis Kit (GeNet BIO Inc; Daejeon, South Korea). The SYBR Green Real-Time PCR method was used to quantify the expression of miR-181a and -b mRNAs using SYBR Premix Ex Taq TM II (Tli RNaseH Plus) (Takara, Japan) according to the manufacturer's instructions, as previously described [ 31 , 32 , 67 ]. In expression studies, GAPDH was used as an internal control.…”