The Circulatory System

Noordergraaf, Abraham

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-520950-2.50006-3

Cited by 80 publications

(111 citation statements)

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“…Some have reported the relationship of PEP with PAT [74][75][76], while others find it a weak surrogate [77,78]. There were studies indicating that all SBP, DBP and MAP are less correlated to PAT as compared to PTT [79], while others stating PAT is a better indicator of SBP [80,81] as it is dependent on both ventricular contraction and vascular function.…”

Section: Pulse Arrival Time (Pat)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cuff-Less and Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring: A Methodological Review

et al. 2017

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Blood pressure (BP) is one of the most important monitoring parameters in clinical medicine. For years, the cuff-based sphygmomanometer and the arterial invasive line have been the gold standards for care professionals to assess BP. During the past few decades, the wide spread of the oscillometry-based BP arm or wrist cuffs have made home-based BP assessment more convenient and accessible. However, the discontinuous nature, the inability to interface with mobile applications, the relative inaccuracy with movement, and the need for calibration have rendered those BP oscillometry devices inadequate for next-generation healthcare infrastructure where integration and continuous data acquisition and communication are required. Recently, the indirect approach to obtain BP values has been intensively investigated, where BP is mathematically derived through the "Time Delay" in propagation of pressure waves in the vascular system. This holds promise for the realization of cuffless and continuous BP monitoring systems, for both patients and healthy populations in both inpatient and outpatient settings. This review highlights recent efforts in developing these next-generation blood pressure monitoring devices and compares various mathematical models. The unmet challenges and further developments that are crucial to develop "Time Delay"-based BP devices are also discussed.

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Section: Pulse Arrival Time (Pat)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cuff-Less and Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring: A Methodological Review

et al. 2017

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“…Fluid flow in these natural vascular systems is typically driven by a pressure gradient induced by the pumping action of a heart, even in primitive invertebrates such as earthworms [1]. In contrast, multi-cellular animals without circulatory systems (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressurized vascular systems for self-healing materials

Hamilton

Sottos

White

2011

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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An emerging strategy for creating self-healing materials relies on embedded vascular networks of microchannels to transport reactive fluids to regions of damage. Here we investigate the use of active pumping for the pressurized delivery of a two-part healing system, allowing a small vascular system to deliver large volumes of healing agent. Different pumping strategies are explored to improve the mixing and subsequent polymerization of healing agents in the damage zone. Significant improvements in the number of healing cycles and in the overall healing efficiency are achieved compared with prior passive schemes that use only capillary forces for the delivery of healing agents. At the same time, the volume of the vascular system required to achieve this superior healing performance is significantly reduced. In the best case, nearly full recovery of fracture toughness is attained throughout 15 cycles of damage and healing, with a vascular network constituting just 0.1 vol% of the specimen.

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“…This technique utilizes the measured wave velocity with the theoretical pulse propagation relation to determine arterial 37 pulsatile pressure [Weltman, 1959]. This simple technique is complicated by the fact that the pulse cannot be treated as a single frequency: wave propagation considerations must also include reflected waves from the periphery [Noordergraaf, 1978]. PWV Medical sells several pulse wave velocity units under the name SphygmoCor; it claims to be able to derive the pressure at the ascending aorta using mathematical models of hemodynamics.…”

Section: Colin Tonometer and Invasive Blood Pressure Measurements Witmentioning

confidence: 99%