The Climate–Security Nexus

Abstract

Securing Resilient Livelihoods through Early Warning Systems and Adaptive Safety Nets peter la ¨derach, frans schapendonk, paresh shirsath, giriraj amarnath, steven d. prager, sridhar gummadi, berber kramer, ajit govind, and grazia pacillo Highlights • Understanding the climate-security nexus requires framing risks and resilience, which often reflects a negative cycle of fragility, climate vulnerability, and human insecurity. • Climate actions can enhance a society's climate resilience and generate pathways towards improved peace and security. • These actions include early warnings for food security planning, building local capacity to translate early warnings and climate-informed advisories, climatesmart mapping and adaptation planning, safety-net programmes, and risk finance. • Other changes and interventions are also needed to break the cycle between climate and conflict, align climate actions to peace objectives, and thereby contribute to a climate-resilient peace. From Climate Resilience to Climate SecurityAmbitions to increase resilience, transform food systems, and ensure an end to hunger and malnutrition are intrinsically linked with actions to keep countries, regions, and communities safe. To end dependence on humanitarian assistance for 40 million rural dwellers by 2030 and realign US$5 billion per year for adaptive safety nets, it is critical to embrace a climate-security lens, and in so doing ensure that climate action is aligned with conflict-prevention and peacebuilding objectives (Steiner et al., 2020).Conceptualising the climate-security nexus requires framing risks and resilience. Such framing reflects a negative cycle of fragility, climate vulnerability, and human insecurity, all of which may worsen the risk of violent conflict. In this context, climate change is conventionally framed as a risk multiplier, exacerbating 63

The Role of Information and Communication Technology in Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation.

“…The frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, floods, droughts, and heatwaves, are exacerbated by climate change. Being forewarned is being forearmed, and early warning systems powered by ICT have become vital in risk reduction and disaster preparedness (Laderach et al, 2023;Vitart and Robertson, 2018;Yan et al, 2023). These systems are a synthesis of meteorological data collection, sophisticated modelling, and efficient communication networks.…”

Central America urgently needs to reduce the growing adaptation gap to climate change

“…As livelihoods are disrupted by drought, water stress, and ecosystem degradation, communities may be forced to migrate in search of alternative livelihoods or water sources, leading to displacement and social disruption. There are socio-economic aspects that also influence the displacement of the population in the region, such as violence, insecurity, and increased poverty levels (Baez et al, 2017;WFP, 2017;Gotlieb and García Girón, 2020;Läderach et al, 2021;). e. Food insecurity: The combination of drought, water stress, ecosystem degradation, and displacement worsen existing increased food insecurity in the CADC.…”

“…e. Food insecurity: The combination of drought, water stress, ecosystem degradation, and displacement worsen existing increased food insecurity in the CADC. Crop failures, livestock losses, and reduced access to water and food can lead to malnutrition, particularly among vulnerable populations such as children, women, and indigenous communities (WFP, 2017;Gotlieb et al, 2019;Ray et al, 2019;Alfaro-Córdoba et al, 2020;Läderach et al, 2021;. f. Increased vulnerability: Climate change disproportionately affects vulnerable populations in the CADC, including small-scale farmers, indigenous communities, and marginalized groups (Gotlieb et al, 2019).…”

“…Three main options have been identified to increase resilience in the livelihoods of people living in the CADC : (1) provide food security by incorporating crop varieties that tolerate rising heat and changing precipitation patters; (2) transition away from export-oriented monoculture that is vulnerable to climate impacts and market volatility; and (3) employ agro-ecological systems that conserve and enrich soils and reduce water waste. In general, to increase resilience especially in the CADC, climate, security, and migration crises should be managed in an interconnected manner (Läderach et al, 2021). .…”