The climatic and physiographic controls of the eastern Mediterranean over the late Pleistocene climates in the southern Levant and its neighboring deserts

Enzel, Yehouda; Amit, Rivka; Dayan, Uri; Crouvi, Onn; Kahana, Ron; Ziv, Baruch; Sharon, David

doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2007.02.003

Cited by 303 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Relative sea levels of the Mediterranean Sea generally track eustatic sea-level changes (Lambeck and Bard, 2000;Galili et al, 2007;Sivan et al, 2016), and it is hypothesised that the Late Pleistocene synoptic regime over the Mediterranean was similar to the present (Enzel et al, 2008). Israel's coast is considered tectonically stable, at least since Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e (Sivan et al, 1999;Galili et al, 2007;Mauz et al, 2013;, with low isostatic uplift rates of about 0.1 mm/year in the Holocene (Sivan et al, 2001;Anzidei et al, 2011;Toker et al, 2012), and about 0.05 mm/year over about the last 125 ka .…”

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The pedogenesis process was controlled by the interaction of dust accumulations and precipitation. The source of the dust that accumulated on the coastal plain of Israel was either solely or jointly supplied by the wide exposed shelf, Sahara deserts (Enzel et al, 2008), or the north of the Sinai-Negev dune field (Ben-David, 2003;Crouvi et al, 2012). The post-depositional pedogenic process took place during wetter periods, enabling hydrolytic weathering of silicate minerals and leaching of dispersed clay minerals in the soil profile.…”

Section: Evolution Of the Coastal Plain Of Israel During The Late Quamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6; Cita et al, 1977;Cheddadi and Rossignol-Strick, 1995;Lourens et al, 1996;Revel et al, 2010). These changing climate periods were accompanied by a relatively constant dust accumulation (Enzel et al, 2008), interpreted from the MS values (Fig. 6) of the Ocean Drilling Program ODP 160-976 (see location in Fig.…”

Section: Evolution Of the Coastal Plain Of Israel During The Late Quamentioning

confidence: 99%

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New perspectives on coastal landscape reconstruction during the Late Quaternary: A test case from central Israel

Shtienberg

Dix

Roskin

et al. 2017

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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The stratigraphic architecture of coastal plains is determined by the interactions between local (e.g. fluvial processes and topography), regional (e.g. climate) and global (e.g. sea level) forcing factors, primarily during the Late Quaternary Period. Detailed stratigraphic and sedimentological analyses of boreholes, cored between coastal ridges in the lowlands, coupled with optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, and integrated with existing onshore and offshore databases, has enabled a 4-D reconstruction of the evolution of the coast of Israel during the last glacial-interglacial cycle. This model revealed that Nilotic-sourced littoral sand, intermittently transported inland by wind, has either been lithified into aeolianite or pedogenized into orange-brown palaeosol from about 100 ka to 8 ka. Dark silty clay wetlands were deposited between the aeolian coastal ridges adjacent to streams which cut the Israeli coastal plain and flow westward, from the Last Glacial Maximum until the onset of the Holocene. These units are topped by beach and aeolian quartz sand dated to 6.6-0.1 ka. Diachronous thicknesses and lithological dissimilarities were identified between the sections studied and previous reports on adjacent coastal aeolianite ridges. Streams were found to be a dominant control on the stratigraphical composition and related facies architecture due to fluvial-induced erosion. Consequently, the relief variations between the lowland and cliff controlled aeolian pedogenesis as well as alluvial processes from about 80 to 5 ka. Climate, mainly influenced by precipitation and dust input, induced pedogenic processes; while sea level lowstand during the Last Glacial Maximum is shown to have hindered sediment deposition in the shallow offshore, which in turn affected aeolian transport, reducing sediment accumulation on the palaeo-coastal plain. The palaeoenvironmental model presented in the current study serves as an example for understanding the evolution of similar low-latitude siliciclastic-rich low-gradient shelf-coastal areas during the last glacial-interglacial cycle. Furthermore, it demonstrates the influence of local to global forcing factors on these environments.

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Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Evolution Of the Coastal Plain Of Israel During The Late Quamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evolution Of the Coastal Plain Of Israel During The Late Quamentioning

confidence: 99%

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New perspectives on coastal landscape reconstruction during the Late Quaternary: A test case from central Israel

Shtienberg

Dix

Roskin

et al. 2017

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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“…Mean annual rainfall (mm) in Israel for the period 1961 -1990 is marked [Israel Meteorological Service, 1990]. The inferred westerly winds prevalent during sand incursion are from Enzel et al [2008]. deposits of fluvially reworked or possibly reworked loess ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Loess In the Negev Desertmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of primary hilltop loess in reconstructing dust chronology, accretion rates, and sources: An example from the Negev Desert, Israel

Crouvi¹,

Amit²,

Porat³

et al. 2009

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Although high-latitude loess sequences have been studied extensively for reconstructing past climates, loess in desert margins has been mostly overlooked. Moreover, many low-latitude loess studies have focused on secondary, reworked sequences for which paleoclimatic inferences are complicated owing to postdepositional processes acting under local control. In this respect, the spatial distribution of the loess and its different types are crucial. In this study, we differentiate primary and secondary loess using remote sensing and field criteria. We present remote sensing and geographic information system procedures for mapping loess distribution, in general, and for identifying pristine hilltop loess sequences in particular. Then, we present the mineralogical and textural analyses combined with optically stimulated luminescence ages of one such primary, hilltop loess sequence in the Negev desert that show that the late Pleistocene Negev loess started accumulating at $95 ka, much earlier than previously proposed ($70 ka). It was preceded by a previously unknown middle Pleistocene period of loess formation at $180-130 ka. The ages also suggest that the threshold of dust accretion rate needed for loess formation is $0.02 mm a À1 ($30 g m À2 a À1 ), a factor of 2 or more lower than previously thought (0.04 to 1.0 mm a À1 ). Our results also provide insights into causes of late Pleistocene loess accretion and its close association with regional dune field activity. The methodology for mapping the loess distribution may potentially be generalized to help understanding loess formation in other, more remote desert areas.

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“…Yet our understanding of how the Levant experienced this global transition in climate is still somewhat unclear (e.g. Robinson et al, 2006;Enzel et al, 2008) and relies on palaeoclimate datasets mainly from the west of the region. To improve our ability to test hypotheses about people's reactions to climatic and environmental change, or about their influence on climate and local environments (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The environmental setting of Epipalaeolithic aggregation site Kharaneh IV

Jones

Maher

Macdonald

et al. 2016

Quaternary International

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a b s t r a c tThe archaeological site of Kharaneh IV in Jordan's Azraq Basin, and its relatively near neighbour Jilat 6 show evidence of sustained occupation of substantial size through the Early to Middle Epipalaeolithic (c. 24,000e15,000 cal BP). Here, we review the geomorphological evidence for the environmental setting in which Kharaneh IV was established. The on-site stratigraphy is clearly differentiated from surrounding sediments, marked visually as well as by higher magnetic susceptibility values. Dating and analysis of offsite sediments show that a significant wetland existed at the site prior to and during early site occupation (~23,000e19,000 BP). This may explain why such a substantial site existed at this location. This wetland dating to the Last Glacial Maximum also provides important information on the palaeoenvironments and potential palaeoclimatic scenarios for today's eastern Jordanian desert, from where such evidence is scarce.

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The climatic and physiographic controls of the eastern Mediterranean over the late Pleistocene climates in the southern Levant and its neighboring deserts

Cited by 303 publications

References 67 publications

New perspectives on coastal landscape reconstruction during the Late Quaternary: A test case from central Israel

New perspectives on coastal landscape reconstruction during the Late Quaternary: A test case from central Israel

Significance of primary hilltop loess in reconstructing dust chronology, accretion rates, and sources: An example from the Negev Desert, Israel

The environmental setting of Epipalaeolithic aggregation site Kharaneh IV

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