The clinical and prognostic significance of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and acute phase protein levels in multiple myeloma

Abstract

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and acute phase proteins are commonly increased in patients with multiple myeloma. Several of these acute phase proteins are believed to predict prognosis and influence survival. We measured interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha-1-antitrypsin (a1AT), acid alpha-1-glycoprotein (a1AG), haptoglobin (HAP), transferrin (TRF), hemoglobin (Hb), beta-2-microglobulin (beta2M) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in 42 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients and 25 normal controls. At the time of blood collection, nine patients were at stage I of disease, 14 at stage II, and 19 at stage III according to the Durie and Salmon myeloma staging system. Mean +/- SD values of IL-6, CRP, a1AT, a1AG, HAP, beta2M, and ESR were significantly higher and Hb significantly lower than those found in the controls. Univariate analysis, using the log-rank test, showed that among the acute phase proteins, serum CRP (P < 0.002), a1AT (P < 0.008) and ESR (P < 0.008) were significantly correlated with survival. However, when a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was performed, ESR, CRP, a1AT, a1AG and beta2M were identified as independent prognostic factors, while the others were not. We conclude that ESR, a simple and easily performed marker, was found to be an independent prognostic factor for survival in patients with multiple myeloma.

Serpin A1 is overexpressed in ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma and its expression correlates with extranodal dissemination

“…High serum levels of serpin A1 have already been associated with poor prognosis in multiple myeloma, 26 and high serpin A1 expression in tumors has been correlated with poor prognosis in different types of adenocarcinomas. [11][12][13] The levels of serpin A1 expression also appear to be correlated with the invasive and metastatic capacity of different tumor cells.…”

Case report: Ropivacaine neurotoxicity at clinical doses in interscalene brachial plexus block

“…9 Alpha-1 -acid glycoprotein in turn is known to be an independent prognostic factor in multiple myeloma and is significantly raised when compared to healthy subjects. 10 Clearance of ropivacaine in conditions where AAG is increased (e.g., multiple myeloma) has not been studied. Alpha-1 -acid glycoprotein levels were not measured in this case.…”

Changes in cytokine production and morphology of murine lymphoma NK/Ly cells in course of tumor development

“…This ability is typical for cells of different melanoma lines, renal, intestine, neck squamous carcinoma, and breast adenocarcinoma [22][23][24]. IL-6, VEGF, and TNF-α expression was enhanced at multiple myeloma, and these cytokines could serve as biomarkers of multiple myeloma progression [25][26][27][28][29]. Among five cytokines measured in the NK/Ly lymphoma cells at different stages of tumor growth, there was only one cytokine, IL-6, whose mRNA expression was increased.…”

“…NK/Ly lymphoma originates from tumor cells, which evolved spontaneously in mice of the C3 line [1]. The ascite develops in 3-4 days after the intraperitoneal inoculation, and mice with transplanted lymphoma can then live for about [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] days. In addition to ascite development in the tumor-bearing mice, the foci of tumor infiltration in the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, kidney, lung and other organs were usually observed.…”