“…The TQM concept has been implemented in several countries, namely: Japan, America, India, Saudi Arabia, China, and also Indonesia (Antunes et al, 2021;Attri et al, 2021;Fok et al, 2021;Sahputra et al, 2021;Xin et al, 2021). Previous research explained that TQM is associated with several factors, such as organizational culture, knowledge management, workplace health, and job performance (Barua, 2021;Khurniawan et al, 2021;Lagrosen and Lagrosen, 2022;Temiz et al, 2021;Yazdani, 2021). However, research linking TQM and digital leadership is still very rarely investigated.…”