The collapse mechanism of a subway station during the Great Hanshin earthquake

An, Xuehui; Shawky, Ashraf; Maekawa, Koichi

doi:10.1016/s0958-9465(97)00014-0

Cited by 152 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Apart from flexural failure, structural members can also fail in shear, which is far more brittle [2]. Shear failure can even occur with no prior warning such as in members with inadequate amount or no shear reinforcement [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crack Mapping on Shear-critical Reinforced Concrete Beams using an Open Source Digital Image Correlation Software

Suryanto¹,

Tambusay

Suprobo³

2017

ced

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Three reinforced concrete beams, one with no shear reinforcement and two others with shear reinforcement ratios of 0.4% and 1.1%, were tested to investigate the influence of stirrup spacing on the mode of failure, overall strength and ductility. The results show that the beam reinforced with closely-spaced shear reinforcement failed in a ductile manner, whereas the other two beams with large stirrup spacing and no stirrup exhibited only a small measure of ductility and failed in a brittle manner. The importance of the provisions of maximum spacing is highlighted to ensure adequate anchorage for the stirrups and prevent a premature shear failure to occur. The application of a non-contact monitoring system employing the open source digital image correlation software Ncorr, an ordinary digital camera and a smartphone is demonstrated to provide a visualization of the cracking process throughout the load history.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crack Mapping on Shear-critical Reinforced Concrete Beams using an Open Source Digital Image Correlation Software

Suryanto¹,

Tambusay

Suprobo³

2017

ced

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“…However, the Kobe earthquake showed that underground structures are also vulnerable to seismic damage, as a large number of central reinforced concrete pillars of the underground subway stations cracked. There are several possible reasons for this damage, such as strong ground motions and permanent ground movements (Samata et al 1997;Schiff 1998;An et al 1997). The 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, China, caused severe damage to underground gas and water pipelines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaking table tests on a three-arch type subway station structure in a liquefiable soil

Chen

et al. 2014

Bull Earthquake Eng

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A series of large-scale shaking table tests were performed to investigate the damage mechanisms of a three-arch type subway station structure in a liquefiable soil experiencing strong motions. Methods to measure the displacement included the vision-based displacement test and the fiber Bragg grating test to measure the strain of the galvanized steel wire. Sand boils, waterspouts, ground surface cracks and settlements, and buoyancy movement of the model structure were observed. When the peak excess pore pressure ratios dramatically increased, the Arias intensity also dramatically increased. The peak acceleration of the model soil also almost coincided with liquefaction of the model soil. The seismic responses of the model structure and the soil were shown to be more sensitive to input motions with larger low-frequency components, the phenomenon of high frequency filtering and low frequency amplification effect of the liquefied soil were observed. The peak tensile strain located at the top and bottom of the center pillars was larger than that obtained at the subarch, while the peak tensile strain at the atrium arch was the smallest. The peak strain at the primary and secondary observation sections were remarkably affected by the spatial effect. The results can provide valuable insight into the seismic investigation of these subway structures.

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“…Although the seismic performance of underground structures has been extensively investigated (for example An et al 1997;Huo et al 2005;Hashash et al 2001), there have been limited studies regarding the liquefaction-related seismic performance. Kimura et al (1995) conducted centrifuge tests to examine the effect of various countermeasures against liquefaction with a mockup of underground structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Seismic Response and Damage of Reinforced Concrete Ducts in Liquefiable Soils

Okhovat

Feng

Maekawa

2009

ACT

Self Cite

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Highly inelastic nonlinear interaction of liquefied soil and underground RC ducts is computationally investigated in view of the structural damage. The required ductility is expected to be insensitive to the risk of liquefaction for normally deposited layers of soil, and the lesser ductility is acceptable for the case of highly liquefiable foundation similar to the seismic isolation. Although the structural nonlinearity has a fewer effect on the uplift of the underground ducts, the amount of main reinforcement may control the structural damage with the same efficiency for both drained and undrained soil deposits.

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The collapse mechanism of a subway station during the Great Hanshin earthquake

Cited by 152 publications

References 2 publications

Crack Mapping on Shear-critical Reinforced Concrete Beams using an Open Source Digital Image Correlation Software

Crack Mapping on Shear-critical Reinforced Concrete Beams using an Open Source Digital Image Correlation Software

Shaking table tests on a three-arch type subway station structure in a liquefiable soil

Nonlinear Seismic Response and Damage of Reinforced Concrete Ducts in Liquefiable Soils

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