The Communication of Suicide Terrorism

Matusitz, Jonathan

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-4816-6_9

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…As Social cognitive theorist Albert Bandura (1990) wrote, “They [ terrorists] use television as the main instrument for gaining sympathy and supportive action” (p. 8). As a multidimensional media, providing news, entertainment, and broadcast, television can potentially affect sympathy and support (cognitive radicalization), or supportive action (behavioral radicalization) in multiple ways (Matusitz, 2013). First, as a source of exposure to violent imagery, either real or fictitious, television can activate aggression and increase desensitization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These images, as well as general news and political news about social issues and conflicts, can also serve as source of imitation, and grievance. Television can also serve as a medium for the broadcasting of both explicit and more subtly ideological messaging, from politicians and commentators to religious sermons and other programming (Matusitz, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What are the effects of different elements of media on radicalization outcomes? A systematic review

Wolfowicz

Hasisi

Weisburd

2022

Campbell Systematic Reviews

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Background Most national counter‐radicalization strategies identify the media, and particularly the Internet as key sources of risk for radicalization. However, the magnitude of the relationships between different types of media usage and radicalization remains unknown. Additionally, whether Internet‐related risk factors do indeed have greater impacts than other forms of media remain another unknown. Overall, despite extensive research of media effects in criminology, the relationship between media and radicalization has not been systematically investigated. Objectives This systematic review and meta‐analysis sought to (1) identify and synthesize the effects of different media‐related risk factors at the individual level, (2) identify the relative magnitudes of the effect sizes for the different risk factors, and (3) compare the effects between outcomes of cognitive and behavioral radicalization. The review also sought to examine sources of heterogeneity between different radicalizing ideologies. Search Methods Electronic searches were carried out in several relevant databases and inclusion decisions were guided by a published review protocol. In addition to these searches, leading researchers were contacted to try and identify unpublished or unidentified research. Hand searches of previously published reviews and research were also used to supplement the database searches. Searches were carried out until August 2020. Selection Criteria The review included quantitative studies that examined at least one media‐related risk factor (such as exposure to, or usage of a particular medium or mediated content) and its relationship to either cognitive or behavioral radicalization at the individual level. Data Collection and Analysis Random‐effects meta‐analysis was used for each risk factor individually and risk factors were arranged in rank‐order. Heterogeneity was explored using a combination of moderator analysis, meta‐regression, and sub‐group analysis. Results The review included 4 experimental and 49 observational studies. Most of the studies were judged to be of low quality and suffer from multiple, potential sources of bias. From the included studies, effect sizes pertaining to 23 media‐related risk factors were identified and analyzed for the outcome of cognitive radicalization, and two risk factors for the outcome of behavioral radicalization. Experimental evidence demonstrated that mere exposure to media theorized to increase cognitive radicalization was associated with a small increase in risk (g = 0.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.03, 19]). A slightly larger estimate was observed for those high in trait aggression (g = 0.13, 95% CI [0.01, 0.25]). Evidence from observational studies shows that for cognitive radicalization, risk factors such as television usage have no effect (r = 0.01, 95% CI [−0.06, 0.09]). However, passive (r = 0.24, 95% CI [0.18, 0.31]) and active (r = 0.22, 95% CI [0.15, 0.29]) forms of exposure to radical content online demonstrate small but potentially meaningful relationsh...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What are the effects of different elements of media on radicalization outcomes? A systematic review

Wolfowicz

Hasisi

Weisburd

2022

Campbell Systematic Reviews

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“…To retrace the origin of the term 'terrorism,' although some people proposed that it was used in 1160 [1], people widely date the use of the word 'terrorism' to the 1790s, when a group of rebels used this word while portraying their actions during the period of French Revolution [2]. The Oxford English Dictionary first used 'terrorism' in 1795.…”

Section: Defining Terrorismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legality of Americas Military Action Against Terrorism in Iraq from the Perspective of International Law

Han

2024

LNEP

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This paper mainly studies the legality of military action against terrorism under international law. It takes the anti-terrorism action of America in Iraq in 2003 as a case (Iraq war). It judges its legality and necessity by linking the action with legislations such as International Humanitarian Law and the (Third) Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (of August 12, 1949). In the early stage of the article, the author traces the origin and defines the word 'terrorism' while introducing the counterterrorism acts enacted by the United Kingdom between 2000 and 2015 by summarizing the viewpoints of the reference. The author concludes that under the assumption that Iraq does meet the condition of conviction, some military actions of the United States violate international law and go beyond the necessary scope of anti-terrorism.

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“…For example, western broadcasters described Islam as being peaceful and acceptable within their territories while showing the same religion as being radical in other countries. 36 In addition, US media outlets labelled Middle Eastern nations as 'friends' or 'enemies' based on their support for the US. According to the idea of domesticating events, "different perceptions actively evolve when news agencies construct their separate tales in familiar narratives and change foreign themes for a local audience."…”

Section: Terrorism and Framingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Media Reporting of Terrorism: A Case Study of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (Isis)

Sunawar¹

2022

Margalla Papers

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Terrorist organizations have long realized the invaluable benefits of various media platforms, particularly social media, in achieving their tactical, operational and strategic goals. They have figured out how to make an impact through social media. Researchers have found that media plays a significant role in disseminating messages supporting terrorism. Since the September 11, 2001 attacks, terrorism has attracted much media attention. ISIS, in particular, has produced the most technologically sophisticated propaganda compared to other terrorist groups. Since terrorism has received so much media attention, it is vital to understand how it is presented in international news. This study, therefore, examines terrorists' use of media while focusing on ISIS as a case study. Research findings suggest that employing media as a weapon in combat is vital to ISIS's strategy to establish a hypothetical Islamic caliphate. ISIS uses media for three central goals: promoting its propaganda, recruiting new fighters, and inciting violence. The article employs framing theory, a study of comparative journalism and global media coverage of terrorism. This paper also explores the idea that media coverage may very well encourage acts of terrorism. Bibliography Entry Sunawar, Lubna. 2022. "Media Reporting of Terrorism: A Case Study of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS)." Margalla Papers 26 (2): 62-71.

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The Communication of Suicide Terrorism

Cited by 8 publications

References 41 publications

What are the effects of different elements of media on radicalization outcomes? A systematic review

What are the effects of different elements of media on radicalization outcomes? A systematic review

Legality of Americas Military Action Against Terrorism in Iraq from the Perspective of International Law

Media Reporting of Terrorism: A Case Study of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (Isis)

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