The comparative anatomy of the folds, fossae, and adhesions around the duodenojejunal flexure in mammals

Ishida, Masaharu; Sakata, Naoaki; Ise, Ichiro; Ono, Tomoyuki; Shimura, Muneaki; Ishii, Kentaro; Murakami, Megumi; Takadate, Tatsuyuki; Aoki, Takeshi; Kudo, Kohsuke; Ohnuma, Shinobu; Fukase, Koji; Ohtsuka, H; Mizuma, Masamichi; Hayashi, Hiroki; Nakagawa, Kazuhiko; Morikawa, Takanori; Motoi, Fuyuhiko; Naitoh, Takeshi; Unno, Michiaki

doi:10.5603/fm.a2017.0089

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The small intestine samples consisted of a pool of duodenum, jejunum and ileum segments, but the main region used was the jejunum. The procedure was to locate the plica duodenocolica [ 37 ] and, from there up to about 5 cm of the intestine before reaching the cecum, to remove it from the animal. The collected tissues were washed with physiological serum at 37 °C and placed between absorbent paper to remove the rest of the serum.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue Distribution of Oleocanthal and Its Metabolites after Oral Ingestion in Rats

et al. 2021

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Claims for the potential health benefits of oleocanthal (OLC), a dietary phenolic compound found in olive oil, are based mainly on in vitro studies. Little is known about the tissue availability of OLC, which is rapidly metabolized after ingestion. In this study, the distribution of OLC and its metabolites in rat plasma and tissues (stomach, intestine, liver, kidney, spleen, lungs, heart, brain, thyroid and skin) at 1, 2 and 4.5 h after the acute intake of a refined olive oil containing 0.3 mg/mL of OLC was examined by LC-ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS. OLC was only detected in the stomach and intestine samples. Moreover, at 2 and 4.5 h, the concentration in the stomach decreased by 36% and 74%, respectively, and in the intestine by 16% and 33%, respectively. Ten OLC metabolites arising from phase I and phase II reactions were identified. The metabolites were widely distributed in rat tissues, and the most important metabolizing organs were the small intestine and liver. The two main circulating metabolites were the conjugates OLC + OH + CH3 and OLC + H2O + glucuronic acid, which may significantly contribute to the beneficial health effects associated with the regular consumption of extra virgin olive oil. However, more studies are necessary to determine the concentrations and molecular structures of OLC metabolites in human plasma and tissues when consumed with the presence of other phenolic compunds present in EVOO.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue Distribution of Oleocanthal and Its Metabolites after Oral Ingestion in Rats

et al. 2021

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“…The main segment of the small intestine responsible for sugar absorption, the duodenum, was further analyzed with histology. The duodenum is the first section of the intestine from the end of the stomachpylorus to the duodenojejunal flexure (Ishida et al, 2018). The duodenum was recognized by its greater diameter compared to the jejunum, the next intestine section after the duodenum.…”

Section: Morphology and Histology Of The Gi Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugar assimilation underlying dietary evolution of Neotropical bats

Camacho¹,

Bernal-Rivera²,

Robb³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Specializations in animal diets drive selective demands on morphology, anatomy, and physiology. Studying adaptations linked to diet evolution benefits from examining Neotropical bats, a remarkable group with high taxonomic and trophic diversity. In this study we performed glucose tolerance tests on wild-caught bats, which revealed distinct responses to three sugars present in different foods: trehalose (insects), sucrose and glucose (fruits and nectar). Insect eating bats responded most strongly to trehalose, while bats with nectar and fruit-based diets exhibited heightened response to glucose and sucrose, reaching blood sugar levels over 600 mg/dL. To reveal positive selection in sugar assimilation genes we performed genome analysis of 22 focal bat species and 2 outgroup species. We identified selection in the ancestral vespertilionid branch (insect-eaters) for the digestive enzyme Trehalase, while sucrase-isomaltase exhibited selection in branches leading to omnivorous and nectar diets. Unexpectedly, the insect-eating lineageMyotisexhibited sucrase-isomaltase selection, potentially explaining their heightened sucrose assimilation. Furthermore, the glucose transporters SLC2A3 and SLC2A2 showed selection in lineages associated with nectar and blood diets. By examining cellular features of the small intestine, we discovered that sugar consumption strongly impacted numerous digestive traits, providing valuable insight into the physiological implications of the identified molecular adaptations. To elucidate this further, we used HCR RNA-FISH to perform single molecule ex vivo gene expression analysis of enterocyte response to a glucose meal in three focal species. We observed unusually high activity in the glucose transporter geneSlc2a2during the fasted state of nectar bats that did not change upon feeding. Comparatively, nectar bats exhibited an enhanced capacity for intestinal absorption of dietary sugar primarily throughSlc2a2, while fruit bats relied on increasing levels ofSlc5a1. Overall, this study highlights the intricate interplay between molecular, morphological, and physiological aspects of diet evolution and provides new insights to our understanding of sugar assimilation mechanisms in mammals.

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“…The duodenocolic fold appears to be homologous to both the superior and inferior duodenal folds in humans. However, the suspensory muscle of the duodenum is not macroscopically identified, at least, in domestic animals and rodents (Ishida et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological features of the mouse duodenocolic fold in foetus and adult

et al. 2021

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For the mechanism of duodenojejunal flexure (DJF) morphogenesis in mice, we consider the gut tube itself and the gut mesentery as important players. In this study, we focussed on the morphological features of the gut mesentery around the mouse duodenum, especially the duodenocolic fold at embryonic day (E) 18.5 and the adult phase. The duodenocolic fold, a sheet of the mesentery, was located between the entire ascending duodenum and the descending colon. At E18.5, in the cranial area near the DJF, the duodenocolic fold joined both the mesocolon and the mesojejunal part of the root of the mesentery. In the middle and caudal areas, the duodenocolic fold joined the mesocolon. Interestingly, along with the ascending duodenum, the duodenocolic fold contained a smooth muscle bundle. The smooth muscle bundle continued from the outer muscular layer of the middle to the caudal part of the ascending duodenum. The three‐dimensional imaging of the foetal duodenocolic fold revealed that the smooth muscle bundle had short and long apexes towards the proximal and distal parts of the root of the mesentery, respectively. At the adult phase, the duodenocolic fold had a much thinner connective tissue with a larger surface area in comparison with the duodenocolic fold at E18.5. The adult duodenocolic fold also contained the smooth muscle bundle which was similar to the foetal duodenocolic fold. A part of the duodenocolic fold connecting to the mesojejunal part of the root of the mesentery seemed to be homologous to the superior duodenal fold in humans, known as the duodenojejunal fold; by contrast, most of the duodenocolic fold seemed to be homologous to the inferior duodenal fold in humans, known as the duodenomesocolic fold. The smooth muscle bundle in the mouse duodenocolic fold seemed to play a role in keeping the ascending duodenum in the abdominal cavity because the duodenum in animals did not belong to a retroperitoneal organ in contrast to humans owing to the difference in the direction of gravity on the abdominal organs between mice and humans. Moreover, the smooth muscle bundle shared common and uncommon points in its location and nerve supply to the suspensory muscle of the duodenum in humans, known as the ligament of Treitz. This study had insufficient evidence that the smooth muscle bundle of the mouse duodenocolic fold was homologous to the suspensory muscle of the duodenum in humans. In conclusion, this study revealed the detailed structure of the mouse duodenocolic fold, including the relationship between the fold and other mesenteries. Particularly, the smooth muscle bundle is a specific feature of the mouse duodenocolic fold and might play several roles in DJF morphogenesis, especially the ascending duodenum and the caudal duodenal flexure during development.

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The comparative anatomy of the folds, fossae, and adhesions around the duodenojejunal flexure in mammals

Abstract: This study showed the anatomical similarities and dissimilarities of the duodenojejunal flexure among the mammals. Anatomical knowledge of the area is useful for duodenal and pancreatic surgeries, and for animal studies about the duodenum. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 2: 286-292).

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Tissue Distribution of Oleocanthal and Its Metabolites after Oral Ingestion in Rats

Tissue Distribution of Oleocanthal and Its Metabolites after Oral Ingestion in Rats

Sugar assimilation underlying dietary evolution of Neotropical bats

Morphological features of the mouse duodenocolic fold in foetus and adult

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