“…It was originally proposed by Thompson et al (1986), and Adolphson, Cornia, & Walters (1991), coined the term 'Benefit-of-the-Doubt' by Melyn & Moesen (1991) who applied the method to obtain an indicator of macroeconomic performance, and subsequently formalized under a DEA framework by Lovell and Pastor (1999). In 2008, this approach was suggested by the OECD as a method to construct composite indicators (OECD, 2008), spurring many applications in different fields: among others, in bibliometrics (García-Romero, Santín, & Sicilia, 2016), health care (Shwartz, Burgess, & Zhu, 2016), competitiveness (Li & Zhao, 2015), police effectiveness (Verschelde & Rogge, 2012), and energy (Zanella, Camanho, & Dias, 2015).…”