The complete DNA sequence of vaccinia virus

Goebel, Scott J.; Johnson, Gerard P.; Perkus, Marion E.; Davis, Stephen W.; Winslow, Joseph P.; Paoletti, Enzo

doi:10.1016/0042-6822(90)90294-2

Cited by 813 publications

(533 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…A related occurrence is initiation, in E. coli, at vaccinia AUG start codons. For example, an antigenic E. coli colony contained lacZ sequences in fusion with 162 backward bp from the N-terminal region of gene D9R (83). This is predicted to encode 8 aa followed by a stop codon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dominance and Diversity in the Primary Human CD4 T Cell Response to Replication-Competent Vaccinia Virus

Jing¹,

Chong

Byrd³

et al. 2007

The Journal of Immunology

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Vaccination with replication-competent vaccinia protects against heterologous orthopoxvirus challenge. CD4 T cells have essential roles helping functionally important Ab and CD8 antiviral responses, and contribute to the durability of vaccinia-specific memory. Little is known about the specificity, diversity, or dominance hierarchy of orthopoxvirus-specific CD4 T cell responses. We interrogated vaccinia-reactive CD4 in vitro T cell lines with vaccinia protein fragments expressed from an unbiased genomic library, and also with a panel of membrane proteins. CD4 T cells from three primary vaccinees reacted with 44 separate antigenic regions in 35 vaccinia proteins, recognizing 8 to 20 proteins per person. The integrated responses to the Ags that we defined accounted for 49 to 81% of the CD4 reactivity to whole vaccinia Ag. Individual dominant Ags drove up to 30% of the total response. The gene F11L-encoded protein was immunodominant in two of three subjects and is fragmented in a replication-incompetent vaccine candidate. The presence of protein in virions was strongly associated with CD4 antigenicity. These findings are consistent with models in which exogenous Ag drives CD4 immunodominance, and provides tools to investigate the relationship between Ab and CD4 T cell specificity for complex pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dominance and Diversity in the Primary Human CD4 T Cell Response to Replication-Competent Vaccinia Virus

Jing¹,

Chong

Byrd³

et al. 2007

The Journal of Immunology

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“…180-200 million years ago [53]. UDGs from pox viruses [54][55][56][57][58] are more distantly related, but the active-site region is also highly conserved in these viruses. The gene for human UDG (UNG) has been isolated from P1 clones that contain the complete gene.…”

Section: Udgs Belong To a Highly Conserved Ancient Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA glycosylases in the base excision repair of DNA

Krokan

Standal

Slupphaug

1997

Biochemical Journal

771

566

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A wide range of cytotoxic and mutagenic DNA bases are removed by different DNA glycosylases, which initiate the base excision repair pathway. DNA glycosylases cleave the Nglycosylic bond between the target base and deoxyribose, thus releasing a free base and leaving an apurinic\apyrimidinic (AP) site. In addition, several DNA glycosylases are bifunctional, since they also display a lyase activity that cleaves the phosphodiester backbone 3h to the AP site generated by the glycosylase activity. Structural data and sequence comparisons have identified common features among many of the DNA glycosylases. Their active sites have a structure that can only bind extrahelical target bases, as observed in the crystal structure of human uracil-DNA glycosylase in a complex with double-stranded DNA. Nucleotide flipping is apparently actively facilitated by the enzyme. With bacteriophage T4 endonuclease V, a pyrimidine-

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“…For insertion of genes into VV, CV-1 cells were seeded at 2-5 ϫ 10 5 /well in six-well plates in MEM with 10% FBS (13,15,21). One day later, the cells were infected with the WR strain of VV at 0.1-1 PFU/cell in 1 ml MEM with 2.5% FBS at 37°C with gentle shaking every 20 -30 min for 1-2 h. Transfection of the CV-1 cells with the pSCmcs2 plasmid was carried out using the Mammalian Transfection Kit (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA) according to the manufacturer's recommendation.…”

Section: Insertion Of Genes Into Vv and Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Immunotherapy by Genetically Engineered APCs: The “Guided Missile” Strategy

Wu¹,

Wu²,

Miagkov³

et al. 2001

The Journal of Immunology

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We tested the hypothesis that APCs genetically engineered to present an Ag and to express Fas ligand (FasL) simultaneously can target and eliminate Ag-specific T cells. Transgenic T cells specific for influenza hemagglutinin (HA) were used as targets. We prepared recombinant vaccinia virus vectors (VVV) to transfer the gene constructs individually or simultaneously into APCs. We prevented unwanted viral replication by attenuating the VVVs with psoralen-UV light treatment. For presentation of the HA Ag, APCs were transduced with cDNA for HA flanked by sequences of the lysosome-associated membrane protein that direct efficient processing and presentation of the Ag by APCs. As a “warhead” for the APCs, we transduced them with the gene for FasL, which induces apoptosis of Fas-expressing activated T cells. To protect the transduced APCs from self-destruction by FasL, we transferred cDNA for a truncated form of Fas-associated death domain, which inhibits Fas-mediated cell death. Our results show that the engineered APCs effectively expressed the genes of interest. APCs transduced with VVV carrying all three gene constructs specifically killed HA-transgenic T cells in culture. Coculture with T cells specific for an unrelated Ag (OVA) had no significant effect. Our in vitro findings show that APCs can be genetically engineered to target and kill Ag-specific T cells and represent a promising novel strategy for the specific treatment of autoimmune diseases.

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The complete DNA sequence of vaccinia virus

Cited by 813 publications

References 81 publications

Dominance and Diversity in the Primary Human CD4 T Cell Response to Replication-Competent Vaccinia Virus

Dominance and Diversity in the Primary Human CD4 T Cell Response to Replication-Competent Vaccinia Virus

DNA glycosylases in the base excision repair of DNA

Specific Immunotherapy by Genetically Engineered APCs: The “Guided Missile” Strategy

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