The Complexity of Sequences Generated by the Arc-Fractal System

Huynh, Hoai Nguyen; Pradana, Andri; Chew, Lock Yue

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117365

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Another way to identify structural changes is fractal dimension, which allows the characterization of irregular structures in histological slides and the quantification of changes. 8 - 12 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractal Dimension in Quantifying Experimental-Pulmonary-Hypertension-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats

Pacagnelli¹,

Sabela²,

Mariano³

et al. 2016

Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia

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BackgroundRight-sided heart failure has high morbidity and mortality, and may be caused by pulmonary arterial hypertension. Fractal dimension is a differentiated and innovative method used in histological evaluations that allows the characterization of irregular and complex structures and the quantification of structural tissue changes.ObjectiveTo assess the use of fractal dimension in cardiomyocytes of rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension, in addition to providing histological and functional analysis.MethodsMale Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: control (C; n = 8) and monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (M; n = 8). Five weeks after pulmonary arterial hypertension induction with monocrotaline, echocardiography was performed and the animals were euthanized. The heart was dissected, the ventricles weighed to assess anatomical parameters, and histological slides were prepared and stained with hematoxylin/eosin for fractal dimension analysis, performed using box-counting method. Data normality was tested (Shapiro-Wilk test), and the groups were compared with non-paired Student t test or Mann Whitney test (p < 0.05).ResultsHigher fractal dimension values were observed in group M as compared to group C (1.39 ± 0.05 vs. 1.37 ± 0.04; p < 0.05). Echocardiography showed lower pulmonary artery flow velocity, pulmonary acceleration time and ejection time values in group M, suggesting function worsening in those animals.ConclusionThe changes observed confirm pulmonary-arterial-hypertension-induced cardiac dysfunction, and point to fractal dimension as an effective method to evaluate cardiac morphological changes induced by ventricular dysfunction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractal Dimension in Quantifying Experimental-Pulmonary-Hypertension-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats

Pacagnelli¹,

Sabela²,

Mariano³

et al. 2016

Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia

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“…In mathematics, symmetries have the peculiar status of being both invariant and invariant-preserving transformations, which is why a fractal, being a highly nontrivial representation of the two fundamental symmetries of nature, dilation (r → ar) and translation (r → r + b), exhibits self-similarity or pattern integrity-the retention of copies of itself on a hierarchy of scales [19,[31][32][33][34][35]. In other words, a fractal is known as expanding symmetry or evolving symmetry [36].…”

Section: Fractal Forestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Climax Phenomenon: An Invariance of Scale

Petrokas

2020

Forests

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We can think of forests as multiscale multispecies networks, constantly evolving toward a climax or potential natural community—the successional process-pattern of natural regeneration that exhibits sensitivity to initial conditions. This is why I look into forest succession in light of the Red Queen hypothesis and focus on the key aspects of ecological self-organisation: dynamical criticality, evolvability and intransitivity. The idea of the review is that forest climax should be associated with habitat dynamics driven by a large continuum of ecologically equivalent time scales, so that the same ecological conclusions could be drawn statistically from any scale. A synthesis of the literature is undertaken in order to (1) present the framework for assessing habitat dynamics and (2) present the types of successional trajectories based on tree regeneration mode in forest gaps. In general, there are four types of successional trajectories within the process-pattern of forest regeneration that exhibits sensitivity to initial conditions: advance reproduction specialists, advance reproduction generalists, early reproduction generalists and early reproduction specialists. A successional trajectory is an expression of a fractal connectivity among certain patterns of natural regeneration in the multiscale multispecies networks of landscape habitats. Theoretically, the organically derived measures of pattern diversity, integrity and complexity, determined by the rates of recruitment, growth and mortality of forest tree species, are the means to test the efficacy of specific interventions to avert the disturbance-related decline in forest regeneration. That is of relevance to the emerging field of biocomplexity research.

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