The composition and performance of alite-ye'elimite clinker produced at 1300 °C

Recycling of bone ash from animal wastes and by‐products in the production of novel cements

“…In the TGA results, the weight losses from 50 to 110, 110-140, 140-190, and 250-270 • C correspond to the presence of ettringite, gypsum, AFm phases, and aluminum hydroxide, respectively. 65,67,68 Based on both types of analyses, the results discussed in the previous section can be confirmed. With 10 wt% of gypsum, the ye'elimite and gypsum in CBA-10 react quickly with water, which is confirmed by the presence of ettringite and AH 3 after 1 h into the hydration process.…”

“…When increasing the amount of gypsum, the main hydration is unchanged, occurring at around 90 min, while the secondary hydration peaks are delayed with more gypsum added. The secondary hydration peaks are related to the depletion of gypsum and conversion of ettringite to AFm phases 63–67 …”

“…The XRD patterns and thermal analyses for CBA‐10 and CBA‐20 with 10 wt% gypsum are presented in Figures 13 and 14, respectively. In the TGA results, the weight losses from 50 to 110, 110–140, 140–190, and 250–270°C correspond to the presence of ettringite, gypsum, AFm phases, and aluminum hydroxide, respectively 65,67,68 …”

“…The secondary hydration peaks are related to the depletion of gypsum and conversion of ettringite to AFm phases. [63][64][65][66][67] From these calorimeter tests, it has been determined that the optimal amount of gypsum for each clinker is 10 wt%, as this amount of gypsum seems to completely hydrate the clinker within less than 24 h.…”

Isothermal Coal-Based Reduction Kinetics of Fayalite in Copper Slag

“…Clearly, million tons of iron resources exist in the annually generated slag. However, only a little part of slag is used in construction materials, paving materials, and so forth. , Recent research found that copper slag contains Cu in the form of sulfides, which can be recycled mainly by flotation, − and Fe mainly in the form of fayalite, which can be difficult to recycle using conventional mineral processing methods. Compared to the natural raw ore, most secondary raw materials are of a higher grade but have a complicated structure and chemical phases, which seriously restrict the recycling efficiency of metals.…”