The composition and physico-chemical properties of human milk: A review

Meng, Fanyu; Uniacke‐Lowe, T.; Ryan, Anthony C.; Kelly, Alan L.

doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.040

Cited by 56 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 171 publications

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“…In contrast, for cold storage of HM at ±4°C for up to 3 days, Spitzer, Klos, and Buettner (2013) reported no significant changes in most of the degradation compounds evaluated, including hexanal. The effect of freezing can be associated with the damage occurring in the micelles of fat with this type of storage, leaving the triacylglycerols more susceptible to attack by lipases, thus resulting in greater lipid oxidation (Meng, Uniacke‐Lowe, Ryan, & Kelly, 2021). Lipid autoxidation is one of the most important chemical reactions in frozen products and can occur even at a temperature of −18°C, but more slowly.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid stability and antioxidant activity of human milk after thermosonication and frozen storage

Nogueira

Passos

Santos

et al. 2022

J Food Process Engineering

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of thermosonication of human milk (HM) followed by frozen storage on its lipid stability, antioxidant activity, and tocopherol content. The treatments investigated in this study corresponded to a factorial structure with additional treatment (control), having processing method and storage time as factors. The additional treatment corresponds to raw milk, with 0 days of storage. The experimental design was the one randomly randomized with three replications. Essential fatty acids and antioxidant activity were conserved by the ferric reducing antioxidant power method but decreased by the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl method (9%) in both pasteurized and thermosonicated samples. Only tocopherols showed greater degradation with thermosonication. In freezing, regardless of processing, the same behavior was observed for the analyzed parameters, with a reduction in antioxidant activity and tocopherol isoforms. Hexanal increased during storage for up to 30 days (0.87 μL/mL of HM) regardless of processing. Thermosonication of HM proved to be a method similar to slow pasteurization in the studied parameters. It is suggested that further studies should be conducted on the use of ultrasound as an alternative processing technique to the conventional processes adopted by the Human Milk Bank. Practical Applications Thermosonication proved to be a method similar to pasteurization in the studied parameters. This study is extremely relevant to assist in the determination of new processing techniques to obtain donated HM with better nutritional quality. It is suggested that further studies should be conducted on the use of ultrasound as an alternative processing technique to the conventional processes adopted by the Human Milk Bank.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid stability and antioxidant activity of human milk after thermosonication and frozen storage

Nogueira

Passos

Santos

et al. 2022

J Food Process Engineering

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“…The effect of storage on HM adiponectin, leptin, resistin and ghrelin reportedly results in less than 5% loss in concentration when stored at −20 • C for a period of 1-3 months [82]. These limited data on the impact of storage condition (time and temperature) on metabolic hormone profiles of HM require further investigation considering HM as a matrix that has different physico-chemical properties in comparison to other body fluids such as blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid [136].…”

Section: Hm Storage For Hormone Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Milk Metabolic Hormones: Analytical Methods and Current Understanding

Suwaydi

Gridneva

Perrella

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Human milk (HM) contains a wide array of peptide hormones including leptin and adiponectin, which are involved in the regulation of infant growth and development. These essential hormones might play an important role in the regulation of metabolic reprogramming of the new-born infant. However, HM hormone studies are sparse and heterogeneous in regard to the study design, sample collection, preparation and analysis methods. This review discussed the limitations of HM hormone analysis highlighting the gaps in pre-analytical and analytical stages. The methods used to quantify HM metabolic hormones (leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, insulin, obestatin, resistin and apelin) can be classified as immunoassay, immunosensor and chromatography. Immunoassay methods (ELISA and RIA) have been predominantly used in the measurement of these HM hormones. The relative validity parameters of HM hormones analysis are often overlooked in publications, despite the complexity and differences of HM matrix when compared to that of plasma and urine. Therefore, appropriate reports of validation parameters of methodology and instrumentation are crucial for accurate measurements and therefore better understanding of the HM metabolic hormones and their influences on infant outcomes.

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“…Nutrient factors and bioactive structures have vital beneficial impacts on newborns' development and immune system, e.g., long-time breastfeeding related to reduced overweight and obesity [1][2][3]. Among these nutrient factors, oligosaccharides (OS) exhibited about 20% of whole mother's milk carbohydrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of kefir consumption on carbohydrate profile of mother’s milk

Kurt

Gökırmaklı

Güzel‐Seydim

2021

FFHD

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Background: Human milk contains the nutrients necessary for the growth and development of babies as it contains essential bioactive components to support the immune system. Galactooligosaccharides which are important indigestible prebiotics, help multiply the growth of beneficial microorganisms selectively and inhibit the growth of the pathogenic organism. The nutrition of the mother is essential since it affects the composition of mother’s milk. Kefir affects the digestive system, lactose intolerance immune system, anti-microbial effects, probiotic and prebiotic features. However, there is no report on how kefir consumption may have effects on composition of mother’s milk. In this aspect, this study aimed to determine the effects of kefir consumption on the carbohydrate profiles of the mother’s milk. Methods: This study started immediately after birth, mothers were fed with 500 ml/day of kefir made from kefir grains for 30 days in the KF group. Mothers who are in the control group (KI) continued their regular diet. Mother’s milk was collected on the 10th, 20th, and 30th day and stored at 4ºC. Carbohydrate profile including GOS was determined using the liquid chromatographic method with the HI-PLEX column.Results: The mean lactose concentrations of mother’s milk who consumed kefir were 4,68; 4,72; 5,89 g/100ml on days 10th, 20th, and 30th, respectively. Glucose concentrations were 0,29; 0,08; 0,21 g/100ml on 10th, 20th, 30th days, respectively. For the mother’s milk samples in the control group, the averages of lactose concentration were 5,42; 5,73; 5,51 g/100ml on days 10th, 20th, and 30th. GOS peaks were specified depending on the rich content of prebiotics. Conclusion: Consumption of authentic kefir may have effect on carbohydrate profile, including GOS of mother’s milk. Keywords: Human milk, kefir, prebiotic, galactooligosaccharides

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The composition and physico-chemical properties of human milk: A review

Cited by 56 publications

References 171 publications

Lipid stability and antioxidant activity of human milk after thermosonication and frozen storage

Lipid stability and antioxidant activity of human milk after thermosonication and frozen storage

Human Milk Metabolic Hormones: Analytical Methods and Current Understanding

Effects of kefir consumption on carbohydrate profile of mother’s milk

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