The concentration of persistent organic pollutants in water resources: A global systematic review, meta-analysis and probabilistic risk assessment

Vasseghian, Yasser; Hosseinzadeh, Sevda; Khataee, Alireza; Drăgoi, Elena-Niculina

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149000

Cited by 92 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…By using the Monte Carlo technique, all variables and parameters which are used in risk assessment are regarded as a probability distribution [42,183,184]. The level of cancer risk and the hazard quotient are calculated 10,000 times or more with randomly chosen values of variables and parameters covering their range of variability [170,185] and reproducing the assumed distribution density [186][187][188]. The results of a Monte Carlo health risk assessment are provided in the form of a probability distribution for a given risk [172,189].…”

Section: Monte Carlo Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure Routes and Health Risks Associated with Pesticide Application

Tudi

et al. 2022

Toxics

138

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Pesticides play an important role in agricultural development. However, pesticide application can result in both acute and chronic human toxicities, and the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment and human health remain a serious problem. There is therefore a need to discuss the application methods for pesticides, the routes of pesticide exposure, and the health risks posed by pesticide application. The health problems related to pesticide application and exposure in developing countries are of particular concern. The purpose of this paper is to provide scientific information for policymakers in order to allow the development of proper pesticide application technics and methods to minimize pesticide exposure and the adverse health effects on both applicators and communities. Studies indicate that there are four main pesticide application methods, including hydraulic spraying, backpack spraying, basal trunk spraying, and aerial spraying. Pesticide application methods are mainly selected by considering the habits of target pests, the characteristics of target sites, and the properties of pesticides. Humans are directly exposed to pesticides in occupational, agricultural, and household activities and are indirectly exposed to pesticides via environmental media, including air, water, soil, and food. Human exposure to pesticides occurs mainly through dermal, oral, and respiratory routes. People who are directly and/or indirectly exposed to pesticides may contract acute toxicity effects and chronic diseases. Although no segment of the general population is completely protected against exposure to pesticides and their potentially serious health effects, a disproportionate burden is shouldered by people in developing countries. Both deterministic and probabilistic human health risk assessments have their advantages and disadvantages and both types of methods should be comprehensively implemented in research on exposure and human health risk assessment. Equipment for appropriate pesticide application is important for application efficiency to minimize the loss of spray solution as well as reduce pesticide residuals in the environment and adverse human health effects due to over-spraying and residues. Policymakers should implement various useful measures, such as integrated pest management (IPM) laws that prohibit the use of pesticides with high risks and the development of a national implementation plan (NIP) to reduce the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment and on human health.

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Section: Monte Carlo Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure Routes and Health Risks Associated with Pesticide Application

Tudi

et al. 2022

Toxics

138

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“…They produce hormone-like effects once they enter the body, even in very low doses, and disrupt the endogenous hormonal homeostatic mechanisms of regulation of the vital processes of living organisms. Endocrine disruptors are a global problem [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. The term “endocrine disruptors” was introduced into the scientific literature in 1993 [ 4 ].…”

Section: Endocrine Disruptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and the Adrenal Gland: From Toxicity to Endocrine Disruption

Timokhina

Yaglov

Назимова

2021

Toxics

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Endocrine disruptors are exogenous compounds that pollute the environment and have effects similar to hormones when inside the body. One of the most widespread endocrine disruptors in the wild is the pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Toxic doses of DDT are known to cause cell atrophy and degeneration in the adrenal zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. Daily exposure in a developing organism to supposedly non-toxic doses of DDT have been found to impair the morphogenesis of both the cortex and the medulla of the adrenal glands, as well as disturbing the secretion of hormones in cortical and chromaffin cells. Comparison of high and very low levels of DDT exposure revealed drastic differences in the morphological and functional changes in the adrenal cortex. Moreover, the three adrenocortical zones have different levels of sensitivity to the disruptive actions of DDT. The zona glomerulosa and zona reticularis demonstrate sensitivity to both high and very low levels of DDT in prenatal and postnatal periods. In contrast, the zona fasciculata is less damaged by low (supposedly non-toxic) exposure to DDT and its metabolites but is affected by toxic levels of exposure; thus, DDT exerts both toxic and disruptive effects on the adrenal glands, and sensitivity to these two types of action varies in adrenocortical zones. Disruptive low-dose exposure leads to more severe affection of the adrenal function.

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“…With the deepening of economic and social development, the carrying capacity and buffer capacity of the natural environment has been tested 2 . The disordered development strategy in the early stage of this relationship caused serious environmental pollution and waste of resources, and regional ecosystems are now on the verge of degradation 3 , 4 . Indeed, in recent years, the destruction of the natural environment has become increasingly apparent, including climate warming 5 , land desertification 6 , biodiversity reduction 7 , and other major ecological vulnerability problems, and the trend of globalization and intergenerational change has gradually emerged 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal evolution of ecological vulnerability based on vulnerability scoring diagram model in Shennongjia, China

Cao

Yang

Deng

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Shennongjia is one of the most important ecological function areas and ecologically vulnerable zones in the world. With the rapid development of social economies, especially tourism, the ecological environment of Shennongjia has experienced profound changes. Exploring the characteristics and changing trends of ecological environment in Shennongjia will help to analyze the causes of the damage to the ecological environment, and build a vulnerability analysis framework with multi-scale, multi-element, multi-flow, and multi-circulation characteristics, which provides an effective research paradigm and analysis tool for the study of regional ecological vulnerability. With the support of RS and GIS technology, this study uses spatial principal component analysis (SPCA) and the vulnerability scoring diagram (VSD) model to comprehensively and quantitatively analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and driving forces of ecological vulnerability in Shennongjia from 1996 to 2018. The VSD model was selected to decompose the vulnerability into three components of "exposure-sensitivity-adaptation", and 16 indicators were selected to construct an ecological vulnerability evaluation system in Shennongjia, and the evaluation data were organized in a progressive and detailed way. (1) During the study period, the overall ecological vulnerability of Shennongjia is in a mild vulnerability level, exhibiting differentiation characteristics of high in the northeast and low in the southwest. High vulnerability zones are mainly distributed in the main towns and roads. (2) The risk of ecological vulnerability of the entire region presents the characteristics of continuous decline. (3) Land-use types, population density, and vegetation coverage are the main factors driving the evolution of ecological vulnerability. (4) A high level of coupling coordination exists between ecological vulnerability and landscape patterns. Analyses of the ecological vulnerability of Shennongjia shows that the entire region is in a mild vulnerability level. The extreme vulnerability risk of the ecological environment shows polarization. The evolution of ecological environment in Shennongjia is the result of the interaction between human activities and natural environment. This study offers an effective way to assess ecological vulnerability and provides some strategies and guidance for improving ecological security.

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The concentration of persistent organic pollutants in water resources: A global systematic review, meta-analysis and probabilistic risk assessment

Cited by 92 publications

References 52 publications

Exposure Routes and Health Risks Associated with Pesticide Application

Exposure Routes and Health Risks Associated with Pesticide Application

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and the Adrenal Gland: From Toxicity to Endocrine Disruption

Spatial and temporal evolution of ecological vulnerability based on vulnerability scoring diagram model in Shennongjia, China

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