“…From the perspective on knowledge diffusion, the existing knowledge value is accumulated from various knowledge sources that we possess and then transformed into the corresponding enterprise benefits via knowledge externalization (Kreng & Tsai, 2003). In addition to knowledge improvement, knowledge-learning, knowledge internalization, and knowledge externalization, Caloghirou, Kastelli, and Tsakanikas (2004) have demonstrated that the innovative performance which can influence the enterprise benefits is affected by the accumulation of internal capabilities and external knowledge sources.…”