The Contact Hypothesis Reconsidered: Effects of the Atypical Outgroup Member on the Outgroup Stereotype

Hamburger, Yair Amichai

doi:10.1207/s15324834basp1503_8

Cited by 71 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The notion of a prototype only makes sense within a certain frame of reference. Hamburger, 1994;Paolini et al, 2004). This result Research on the representation of natural object categories (Rosch, 1975), as well research based on the social identity approach (SCT; Turner et al, 1987), assumed and demonstrated that perceived typicality is dependent on an intra-and inter-group comparison (cf.…”

Section: Exemplar-category-relations Ii: Who's Typical Who's Notmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…During the last two decades, however, several researchers from both traditions claimed that representations do also comprise perceived variability (Hamburger, 1994;Linville et al, 1989;Judd, Ryan, & Park, 1991). Perceived variability can be defined as "the extent to which category members are viewed as being widely dispersed about the mean of the attribute (Linville et al, 1989, p. 165).…”

Section: Stereotypes: How Are They Represented?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A rather heterogeneous group of researchers (some allude to prototype models, others to exemplar models) assumes that the variability components of stereotypes do change, whereas other aspects remain stable (e.g., Garcia-Marques & Mackie, 1999;Hamburger, 1994;Paolini, Hewstone, Rubin, & Pay, 2004). The topic of stereotype change will be covered in more detail in chapter 4.…”

Section: Stereotypes: How Are They Represented?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…I will thereby concentrate on the effects on central tendency judgments of a category. However, a growing number of researchers suggests that it is further necessary to consider perceived variability as an outcome variable (e.g., Garcia-Marques & Mackie, 1999;Hamburger, 1994;cf. chapter 8).…”

Section: Consequences Of Categorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As briefly outlined within chapter 2.2, stereotypes are not just represented by their central tendency, they are supposed to include dispersion parameters as well (e.g., Linville et al, 1989). Hamburger (1994) has argued that the dispersion parameters are more sensitive to change than the central tendency parameters. His model is based on the assumption that people mentally locate group members along an attribute dimension and that they record the frequency with which each value occurs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

And Yet They Move: The Impact of Direction of Deviance on Stereotype Change

Dolderer

Mummendey

Rothermund

2009

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

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In 4 studies the authors compared the effect of exemplars that deviate from the prototype in one or the other direction while controlling for the absolute amount of deviance. Incongruent exemplars typically do not change a stereotype. Yet, it is unclear whether this is also the case with exemplars that are more extreme than the stereotype, named supercongruent hereafter. Within Study 1 the authors showed that supercongruent exemplars can be differentiated from congruent exemplars and that they are perceived as more typical than incongruent exemplars. Study 2 demonstrated that supercongruent exemplars increase the perceived differences between groups, while incongruent exemplars do not lead to a decrease. In Study 3, a supercongruent exemplar was generalized to the stereotype, while an incongruent exemplar did not affect the stereotype. Study 4 replicated this finding and excluded the alternative hypothesis that this effect is due to the greater extremity and thus diagnosticity of supercongruent information.

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Section: Exemplar-category-relations Ii: Who's Typical Who's Notmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Stereotypes: How Are They Represented?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stereotypes: How Are They Represented?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Consequences Of Categorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

And Yet They Move: The Impact of Direction of Deviance on Stereotype Change

Dolderer

Mummendey

Rothermund

2009

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

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Counselors', Rehabilitation Providers', and Teachers' Perceptions of Mental and Physical Disabilities

Thomas

Curtis

Shippen

2011

Jour of Counseling & Develop

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The diversity perceptions of human service professionals may be critical indicators of effective service provision. Specifically, this study explored the disability perceptions of counselors, rehabilitation providers, and teachers (N = 172) enrolled in a large, southeastern university. A 76% response rate was achieved in the study, indicating clear differences by human service providers' preparation area and perceptions of disability type. Implications for preparation and future research are discussed.

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Assessing the speed and ease of extracting group and person information from faces

Skorich

Mavor

Haslam

et al. 2021

J Theo Social Psycho

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The human face is a key source of social information. In particular, it communicates a target's personal identity and some of their group memberships. Different models of social perception posit distinct stages at which this group-level and person-level information is extracted from the face, with divergent downstream consequences for cognition and behavior. This paper presents four experiments that explore the timecourse of extracting group and person information from faces. In Experiments 1 and 2, we explore the effect of chunked versus unchunked processing on the speed of extracting group versus person information, as well as the impact of familiarity in Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, we examine the effect of the availability of a diagnostic cue on these same judgments. In Experiment 4, we explore the effect of both group-level and person-level prototypicality of face exemplars. Across all four experiments, we find no evidence for the perceptual primacy of either group or person information. Instead, we find that chunked processing, featural processing based on a single diagnostic cue, familiarity, and the prototypicality of face exemplars all result in a processing speed advantage for both group-level and person-level judgments equivalently. These results have important implications for influential models of impression formation and can inform, and be integrated with, an understanding of the process of social categorization more broadly.

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The Contact Hypothesis Reconsidered: Effects of the Atypical Outgroup Member on the Outgroup Stereotype

Cited by 71 publications

References 26 publications

And Yet They Move: The Impact of Direction of Deviance on Stereotype Change

And Yet They Move: The Impact of Direction of Deviance on Stereotype Change

Counselors', Rehabilitation Providers', and Teachers' Perceptions of Mental and Physical Disabilities

Assessing the speed and ease of extracting group and person information from faces

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