The Controversial Second Impact Syndrome: A Review of the Literature

McLendon, Loren A.; Kralik, Stephen F.; Grayson, Patricia; Golomb, Meredith R.

doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2016.03.009

Cited by 103 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…16 serious consequences. 18 To prevent repeated concussions in general, and the second impact syndrome in particular, a structured rehabilitation protocol has been developed. 19 According to this protocol, and according to international consensus, 17 athletes who have suffered a concussion should progress their activity level in a stepwise manner, without recurrent symptoms, over a minimum of 6 days before they are allowed to RTP.…”

Section: Mild Injuries: Potential To Stay and Playmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time before return to play for the most common injuries in professional football: a 16-year follow-up of the UEFA Elite Club Injury Study

et al. 2019

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ObjectivesThe objective was to describe the typical duration of absence following the most common injury diagnoses in professional football.MethodsInjuries were registered by medical staff members of football clubs participating in the Union of European Football Association Elite Club Injury Study. Duration of absence due to an injury was defined by the number of days that passed between the date of the injury occurrence and the date when the medical team allowed the player to return to full participation. In total, 22 942 injuries registered during 494 team-seasons were included in the study.ResultsThe 31 most common injury diagnoses constituted a total of 78 % of all reported injuries. Most of these injuries were either mild (leading to a median absence of 7 days or less, 6440 cases = 42%) or moderate (median absence: 7–28 days, 56% = 8518 cases) while only few (2% = 311 cases) were severe (median absence of >28 days). The mean duration of absence from training and competition was significantly different (p < 0.05) between index injuries and re-injuries for six diagnoses (Achilles tendon pain, calf muscle injury, groin adductor pain, hamstring muscle injuries and quadriceps muscle injury) with longer absence following re-injuries for all six diagnosesConclusionsThe majority of all time loss due to injuries in professional football stems from injuries with an individual absence of up to 4 weeks. This article can provide guidelines for expected time away from training and competition for the most common injury types as well as for its realistic range.

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Section: Mild Injuries: Potential To Stay and Playmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time before return to play for the most common injuries in professional football: a 16-year follow-up of the UEFA Elite Club Injury Study

et al. 2019

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“…A single concussion suffered in childhood in rare cases has been linked to long term and permanent disabilities, and multiple concussions have particularly severe consequences. 26,35,58,59 A child who suffers one concussion is four to six times more likely to suffer a subsequent concussion. 8,28,39 The youth athlete should be managed more conservatively secondary to longer recovery times, possible long term effects, and potential catastrophic effects of early return to play such as Second Impact Syndrome (SIS), which in rare cases can result in death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,28,39 The youth athlete should be managed more conservatively secondary to longer recovery times, possible long term effects, and potential catastrophic effects of early return to play such as Second Impact Syndrome (SIS), which in rare cases can result in death. 35,36,58 It is therefore critical that individuals involved in youth sports, parents in particular, can recognize concussion signs and symptoms in a timely manner to ensure proper concussion management as these symptoms can have long term effects on a child's thinking, memory, learning, language, and emotions. 17,26,33,45,56,63,74,84 Yet, it is estimated that 50%-70% of sportrelated concussions go unreported and undetected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental knowledge of concussion: Evaluation of the CDC's “Heads up to parents” educational initiative

Rice

Curtis

2019

Journal of Safety Research

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Background: A majority of youth club sport organization coaches have well-established concussion knowledge gaps. Potential negative outcomes associated with sport-related concussion drive the need for resources to educate parents about prevention, recognition, and management of concussion in the youth athlete. Parents play a critical role in management of concussion for their child. Purpose: This study aims to (1) investigate current knowledge of concussion among parents whose children age 5-18 years play a club sport and (2) identify effects of an online video versus online print educational intervention on concussion knowledge change and learning. Methods: 140 parents whose children played a club sport answered questions regarding their knowledge of sport-related concussion pre and post random assignment to an educational intervention: CDC Concussion Awareness video or CDC Concussion Fact Sheet for Parents. Results: Participating parents demonstrated a moderate level of pre-intervention knowledge (mean= 3.73), but critical gaps in knowledge were identified. Knowledge of concussion improved slightly following intervention regardless of intervention type (mean= 3.87). Conclusions: This study confirms the presence of gaps in knowledge of concussion in parents whose children play club sports. Without the protection of concussion legislation, those athletes who participate in club sports are at particular risk due to lack of concussion knowledge and education. This study confirms that education can have a positive impact on parental knowledge of concussion. Clinical Relevance: Pre-knowledge of concussion is the greatest predictor of post-knowledge of concussion, therefore pre-assessment of target audience knowledge followed by a custom educational intervention taking into account principles of adult learning, would be the most beneficial to increasing concussion knowledge.

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“…Dies erklärt, warum ein zweites, leichtes SHT innerhalb von ein bis zwei Wochen zu schweren Schädender second impact injury führen kann. Das Konzept der second impact injury ist wissenschaftlich umstritten (McLendon et al 2016). Im gutachtlichen Kontext kann bei nachgewiesenen Schädigungsfolgen die Zuordnung zur ersten und weiteren Schädigungen problematisch sein.…”

Section: Second Impact Injuryunclassified

Leitlinie „Begutachtung nach gedecktem Schädel-Hirntrauma im Erwachsenenalter“

Cw¹,

Marx²,

Tegenthoff³

et al. 2018

Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr

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Zusammenfassung2005 und 2013 hat die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurowissenschaftliche Begutachtung gemeinsam mit anderen Fachgesellschaften und Verbänden „Leitlinien zur Begutachtung nach gedecktem Schädel-Hirntrauma“ erarbeitet und über die Arbeitsgemeinschaft wissenschaftlicher medizinischer Fachgesellschaften (AWMF) sowie in den Fortschritten der Neurologie und Psychiatrie publiziert. Nach 5 Jahren war eine Revision der Leitlinie erforderlich, diese erfolgte erstmals auf der höheren Entwicklungsstufe S 2 k (Expertenkonsens via Delphi-Konferenz).

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The Controversial Second Impact Syndrome: A Review of the Literature

Cited by 103 publications

References 72 publications

Time before return to play for the most common injuries in professional football: a 16-year follow-up of the UEFA Elite Club Injury Study

Time before return to play for the most common injuries in professional football: a 16-year follow-up of the UEFA Elite Club Injury Study

Parental knowledge of concussion: Evaluation of the CDC's “Heads up to parents” educational initiative

Leitlinie „Begutachtung nach gedecktem Schädel-Hirntrauma im Erwachsenenalter“

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