The conversion of polysaccharides into polyurethanes: A review

Donnelly, Michael; Stanford, J. L.; Still, R. H.

doi:10.1016/0144-8617(91)90078-q

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A good number of PURs containing units derived from carbohydrates have been reported so far. [6] The selection embraces complex polyhydroxylic lignin fragments, [7] cyclic compounds such as anhydrohexitols [8,9] and gulonolactones, [10] and methylated alditols. [11] In this paper we wish to report on novel linear PURs obtained by the reaction of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) or 4,4 0 -methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) with partially benzylated alditols, specifically, 2,3-di(Obenzyl)-L-threitol (LThBn), 2,3,4-tri(O-benzyl)-L-arabinitol (LArBn) and 2,3,4-tri(O-benzyl)xylitol (XyBn).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxylated Linear Polyurethanes Derived from Sugar Alditols

Marín

de-Paz

Ittobane

et al. 2009

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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A set of linear [m,n]‐type polyurethanes was synthesized by reaction of HDI or MDI with conveniently protected sugar alditols L‐threitol (LTh), L‐arabinitol (LAr) and xylitol (Xy). $\overline M _{\rm n}$ of the resulting polyurethanes ranged between 10 000 and 60 000 with polydispersities around 2. They were thermally stable, showing no decomposition up to temperatures near 300 °C. They all were amorphous polymers with Tg highly dependent on the constitution of the diisocyanate, but scarcely dependent on the structure of the alditol. Hydrogenation of the LThBn‐HDI polyurethane yielded partially debenzylated products with Tg values ranging between 20 and 30 °C. Fully benzylated polyurethanes showed high resistance to hydrolytic degradation, whereas polyurethane with free hydroxyl side groups degraded significantly in saline buffer at pH = 10 and 37 °C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxylated Linear Polyurethanes Derived from Sugar Alditols

Marín

de-Paz

Ittobane

et al. 2009

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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“…Due to polysaccharides' crystallinity, poor solubility, tendency to contain water, susceptibility to temperature, and acid/alkaline, native polysaccharides are poorly suited for conversion into PEU hydrogels. Typical modifications include depolymerization or alkylation, although this often leads to plastics instead of thermogels (Donnelly et al 1991). Despite this, there are examples of hydrogels generated utilizing this chemistry typically when mixed with other alcohol/amine-bearing ingredients.…”

Section: Direct Cross-linking Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemically Modified Natural Polysaccharides to Form Gels

Garner

Park

2015

Polysaccharides

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“…[15][16][17] In our earlier studies we obtained degradable polyurethane ionomers by incorporating natural compounds such as mono-, di-, and polysaccharides into the polyurethane structure. 14,18 Incorporation of natural carbohydrates into the macromolecule structure promotes based polymer degradation, which is one of the most effective methods to overcome the pollution of the environment with plastic wastes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradable polyurethane foams based on disaccharides

Savelyev

Markovskaya

Savelyeva

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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New functional elastic polyurethane foams (PUF) degradable under environmental abiotic and biotic factors, retaining all the inherent properties of the conventional foams were synthesized using isocyanate precursors based on disaccharides (DS): lactose, maltose and saccharose. It was shown by the model reactions of monosaccharide glucose, and DS lactose and saccharose, with phenylisocyanate that both the primary and secondary hydroxyls of the carbohydrates reacted to form urethanes. The main properties of DS-based foams (PUF/DS) were found to be similar to PUF foam (matrix) prepared with conventional polyols. However, the new PUF/DS were found to undergo enhanced acid/alkaline hydrolysis and degradation compared with PUF matrix when incubated in soil. Mass losses of incubated PUF/DSs significantly exceeded the actual carbohydrate content 28.6%, and in 12 months reached 39.58 (PUF-4), 53.31(PUF-8), and 47.25 (PUF-12). In contrast, under the same conditions PUF matrix lost only 2-2.5%, confirming that incorporation of natural compounds into the polymer chain impacted the degradation processes. PUF/DS were characterized by FTIR, 1 H NMR, ebullioscopy, and exclusion chromatography (molecular masses and molecular mass distribution of the oligomeric model), physical and mechanical tests (density, tensile strength, relative elongation, moisture absorption, vapor permeability), morphology, and degradation in the soil.

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The conversion of polysaccharides into polyurethanes: A review

Cited by 33 publications

References 37 publications

Hydroxylated Linear Polyurethanes Derived from Sugar Alditols

Hydroxylated Linear Polyurethanes Derived from Sugar Alditols

Chemically Modified Natural Polysaccharides to Form Gels

Degradable polyurethane foams based on disaccharides

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