The conversion of rubber to oil palm and other landcover types in Southeast Asia

Jayathilake, H. Manjari; Jamaludin, Johanness; Alban, Jose Don T. De; Webb, Edward L.; Carrasco, Luis

doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2022.102838

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Our study and results, therefore, offer a lower estimate of aggregate oil palm supply and total cropland expansion. If one were to consider the potential knock‐on impacts on land use from crop displacement, the extent of total cropland might be higher within or even outside of Indonesia (Jayathilake et al., 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land‐use change from market responses to oil palm intensification in Indonesia

Lim

Carrasco

Edwards

et al. 2023

Conservation Biology

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Oil palm is a major driver of tropical deforestation. A key intervention proposed to reduce the footprint of oil palm is intensifying production to free up spare land for nature, yet the indirect land‐use implications of intensification through market forces are poorly understood. We characterise supply and demand of oil palm in Indonesia using a spatially explicit land‐rent modelling framework under different crop yield improvement and demand elasticity scenarios, and explore how shifts in market equilibria alter projections of crop expansion. Oil palm supply was sensitive to both crop prices and yield improvements: intensification raises agricultural rents and lowers the effectiveness in reducing crop expansion. Increased yields are able to lower oil palm prices, but these price‐drops are not sufficient to prevent further cropland expansion from increased agricultural rents under a range of price elasticities of demand. Crucially, we show that agricultural intensification might only result in land being spared when the demand relationship is highly inelastic, and crop prices are severely reduced. Under these scenarios, the extent of land spared is countered by the continued expansion of new plantations. Oil palm intensification in Indonesia has potential to exacerbate current pressures on its imperiled biodiversity and should be deployed with stronger spatial planning and enforcement to prevent further cropland expansion.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land‐use change from market responses to oil palm intensification in Indonesia

Lim

Carrasco

Edwards

et al. 2023

Conservation Biology

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“…Diperlukan adanya dukungan negara atau sektor swasta untuk memastikan akses pasar yang berkelanjutan bagi petani kecil (García et al, 2020;Grabs et al, 2021;Lyons-White et al, 2020). Selain itu, seiring dengan pergerakan volume ekspor dan produksi Cote d'Ivoire, Vietnam dan Thailand menunjukkan adanya subtitusi proporsi ekspor dan produksi ketika Indonesia dan Malaysia mengalami penur unan volume (Gapkindo, 2023;Dirjenbun, 2023;Jayathilake et al, 2023). Oleh karena itu, pemerintah harus segera menyusun model karet alam berkelanjutan yang dapat digunakan petani dan pelaku usaha karet.…”

Section: Implementasiunclassified

Strategi Menghadapi Regulasi Bebas Deforestasi Uni Eropa (Eudr) Pada Karet Alam Berkelanjutan

Sahuri,

Syarifa,

Akbar

et al. 2024

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Tulisan ini membahas strategi menghadapi European Union Deforestation-Free Regulation (EUDR) serta model produksi pada karet alam berkelanjutan. Uni Eropa (UE) telah menetapkan kebijakan baru yaitu EUDR dimana mencegah perusahaan-perusahaan mengekspor produk-produk yang terkait dengan deforestasi dan degradasi ke pasar Uni Eropa. Negara produsen dapat menerapkan model produksi karet alam yang berstandar untuk produksi karet alam berkelanjutan. Strategi yang dapat dilakukan oleh pelaku industri karet di Indonesia dalam menghadapi EUDR yaitu menyusun Joint Task Force dengan negara produsen lain melalui asosiasi internasional komoditas, menyusun platform sertifikasi produk untuk karet yang diakui oleh UE, melakukan dialog dan diplomasi guna pengakuan atas platform sertifikasi produk yang dibentuk. Selain itu, pemerintah harus mempercepat pendataan base perusahaan industri karet melalui Siperibun, mempercepat pendataan pekebun karet melalui e-STDB sebagai bahan traceability, menyusun dan menerapkan sertifikasi produk berkelanjutan serta memitigasi permasalahan komoditas dalam negeri terutama pada tingkat petani untuk menciptakan model produksi karet alam yang berkelanjutan.

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“…Moreover, 86.39% of Malaysia's oil palm plantations and 96.04% of re ners have been certi ed sustainable under the Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO) certi cation scheme established in 2015 to mitigate social and environmental impacts from oil palm supply chain(Law and Wong 2021).The relationship between plantation expansion and deforestation remains a subject of debate even in research(Gaveau et al 2016, Mosnier et al 2017, Gaveau et al 2018. In contrast, a recent study found that rubber plantations were converted to oil palm plantations at an average rate of 1.9% and 2.6% annually in Indonesia and Malaysia(Jayathilake et al 2023). Starting in 2016 or so, rubber prices were down in Malaysia, so smallholder farmers abandoned their rubber plantations, and many farmers converted to oil palm, who generally prefer crops that offer high and quick returns on investment (Shevade and Loboda 2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly in Indonesia, traditionally managed rubber agroforestry cannot compete with oil palm in terms of pro tability(Feintrenie et al 2010). Additionally, the labor-intensive nature of rubber and its low returns from land prices have rendered rubber less appealing to smallholders in both countries(Jayathilake et al 2023). Meanwhile, consumers in the European Union, for example, demand palm oil products from Indonesia and Malaysia that are free from deforestation(Gaveau et al 2018), which burden these countries to ensure deforestation-free export commodities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil palm and rubber-driven deforestation in Indonesia and Malaysia (2000-2021) and efforts toward zero deforestation commitments

Rahman

Naito

Moeliono³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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This study evaluates the oil palm and rubber-driven deforestation in Indonesia and Malaysia between 2000–2021 through secondary data analysis from a rich data set by collecting and integrating secondary data from multiple sources. Results show a significant tree cover loss, including 82% and 250% of primary forest loss in Indonesia and Malaysia. Oil palm harvested area increased by 650% in Indonesia and 50% in Malaysia, while palm oil production rose by 566% in Indonesia and 65% in Malaysia over the same period. The study also find that rubber-harvested areas increased by 54% in Indonesia but decreased by 20% in Malaysia, with rubber production increasing by 108% in Indonesia but decreasing by 49% in Malaysia. Over the past two decades, Indonesia’s palm oil export volume has risen by 619%, while Malaysia’s has increased by 83%. Indonesia’s natural rubber export volume also increased by 69%, but Malaysia’s decreased by 33%. The study reveals that the impact of oil palm and rubber on deforestation varies by region and period. However, plantation expansion and associated forest conversion have slowed, which can be associated with the consumer demand for no deforestation oil palm and rubber products. Many of the world’s largest traders and producers have pledged zero deforestation commitments, guaranteeing the elimination of deforestation from their supply chains in Indonesia and Malaysia. Such commitments can only be accomplished through government, private sector, farmers, and community collaboration. Finally, to ensure sustainability in these sectors, comprehensive policies and practical solutions that support farmers’ livelihoods are also crucial.

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The conversion of rubber to oil palm and other landcover types in Southeast Asia

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Land‐use change from market responses to oil palm intensification in Indonesia

Land‐use change from market responses to oil palm intensification in Indonesia

Strategi Menghadapi Regulasi Bebas Deforestasi Uni Eropa (Eudr) Pada Karet Alam Berkelanjutan

Oil palm and rubber-driven deforestation in Indonesia and Malaysia (2000-2021) and efforts toward zero deforestation commitments

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