The corepressor CtBP2 is required for proper development of the mouse cerebral cortex

C-Terminal Binding Proteins Promote Neurogenesis and Oligodendrogenesis in the Subventricular Zone

“…Regarding the expression of CtBPs in NSCs, the available information is limited and focused on embryonic development. A few studies demonstrate that CtBP1 and CtBP2 are present only in the nucleus of embryonic neural stem and progenitor cells (Dias et al, 2014;Karaca et al, 2020). In the SVZ cultured cells, we observed that both CtBPs are expressed in the nucleus of immature/progenitor Ki67 + , Sox2 + , Nestin + /GFAP + , and Nestin + /GFAP − .…”

“…Neural stem cells exhibit unique characteristics, such as the ability for self-renewal and to differentiate into neurons and glial cells, revealing a tremendous potential for novel therapies regarding brain repair. At gene expression level, CtBPs are presented as novel transcriptional regulators of neurogenesis during embryonic development, unveiling their impact on the behavior of neural stem and progenitor cells from self-renewal to neuronal maturation (Xie et al, 2011;Dias et al, 2014;Karaca et al, 2020). Nevertheless, studies focusing on the role of CtBPs in the adult brain are limited.…”

“…Thus, we can also extrapolate about the role of CtBPs on other steps of neuronal differentiation and maturation, which should be investigated in future studies. In fact, CtBP2 revealed to be essential for proper neuronal differentiation of neural stem and progenitor cells during mouse developing cortex (Karaca et al, 2020). Furthermore, in the neural tube, the presence of high oxygen levels required for the expression of Hes1 leads CtBPs to be less recruited to the promoter of Hes1, repressing the differentiation of NSCs into neurons through BMP signaling (Dias et al, 2014).…”

“…Moreover, CtBPs have been shown to regulate neuronal differentiation in the neural tube (Xie et al, 2011;Dias et al, 2014). Recent evidence point out that CtBP2 is widely expressed in neural stem and progenitor cells and neurons in the developing cortex, being required for the proliferation and migration of these cells as well as for proper neuronal differentiation and maturation (Karaca et al, 2020). In addition to neuronal development, CtBPs may regulate neuronal survival and function (Hübler et al, 2012).…”

Temporal and Isoform-Specific Expression of CTBP2 Is Evolutionarily Conserved Between the Developing Chick and Human Retina

“…Given the role of SOX proteins in the retina, a similar interaction may occur here too. During neural development, CTBP2 seems to participate in cell proliferation and is robustly expressed in ventricular zone cells where active cell division occurs (Karaca et al, 2020 ). In fact, CTBP2 null mice exhibit delayed development resulting in thinning of the neural epithelium, including the retina, and eventual degeneration (Hildebrand and Soriano, 2002 ).…”