The Coronal Tooth Fractures: Preliminary Evaluation of a Three-Year Follow-Up of the Anterior Teeth Direct Fragment Reattachment Technique Without Additional Preparation

Abstract

Objective:The aim of this research is to describe and to analyse the long-term results and the clinical steps of direct fragment reattachment technique with no additional tooth preparation, used to treat crown fracture. This technique achieves the clinical success, combining satisfactory aesthetic and functional results with a minimally invasive approach.Methods:The 3 years follow-up included 9 patients (5 males, 4 females) with coronal fracture. In all the cases the fragment was available and intact. The authors illustrate the adhesive procedure used. Under local anaesthesia and after positioning the rubber dam, both the tooth and the fragment surface were etched, rinsed and applied by the adhesive system in order to obtain the retention of the fractured part to the tooth without additional tooth preparation or resin cement.Results:The statistical analysis shows the good performances of direct fragment reattachment technique. After 36 months, in 22.2% of the cases, the detachment was observed of the bonded fragment and in 11.1% of patients, complications were recorded.Conclusion:Our clinical experience shows how the ultra-conservative procedure used is fast, easy and offers a long term predictability; it also allows good functional and aesthetic outcomes.

Fracture tooth reattachment

“…Determining the restoration shade to be identical to that of the affected tooth in every situation is too difficult due to difference in the optical properties (Joiner 2004 One study demonstrated hyper sensitivity of the treated teeth after 3 years follow up (Giudice et al 2017). If the repaired tooth was restored with a post, its brightness and translucency will be decreased (Vijayaprabha et al 2012).…”

“…Tooth fracture may be confined to enamel or enamel and dentin without pulp exposure; in this case it is classified as simple fracture. On the other hand, complicated fracture means involvement of the pulp in the fracture site (Giudice et al 2017). The treatment of the fracture teeth depends -a great extent -on the type of fracture if it is simple or complicated.…”

“…Proper isolation of the working side with rubber dam is a mandatory requirement for the success of reattachment procedure which utilizes the bonding strategies , Vishwanath et al 2013, Pavone et al 2016, Giudice et al 2017. Strict adherence to proper bonding protocol and following the manufacturer's instructions play essential role in the high success rate of this treatment (Vishwanath et al 2013).…”

A dynamical weak scale from inflation

“…The amplitude of the density perturbations can be characterised by the parameter 34) and is observed to be A s ∼ 10 −9 [45]. For f A 6M P this can only be obtained at a higher scale of inflation with Λ A ∼ 10 16 GeV.…”

Gauged U(1) Clockwork

“…In this framework, for order one couplings of similar strength to start with, the lightest mass eigenstate of the mediators can have exponentially small couplings to the SM particles due to the localization in the flavor space. The gravity dual of the clockwork scenarios in extra dimensional models with dilaton background have been discussed [2,3,4,5,6] and has drawn new attention recently. In this article, we review the basic idea of the clockwork mechanism and discuss the gauged U(1) clockwork in specific and illustrate some interesting examples to resolve some of hierarchy problems in particle physics.…”