The Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Protein

Laude, Hubert; Masters, Paul S.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1531-3_7

Cited by 82 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 130 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

102

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Caspase-mediated cleavage of the N protein might preserve its RNA binding domain, which is located in the central part of the protein (19). Accordingly, the NЈ form of the MHV N protein was shown to conserve its RNA binding properties (30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Viral Nucleocapsid Protein of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus (TGEV) Is Cleaved by Caspase-6 and -7 during TGEV-Induced Apoptosis

Éléouët

Slee

Saurini

et al. 2000

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV), like many other viruses, exerts much of its cytopathic effect through the induction of apoptosis of its host cell. Apoptosis is coordinated by a family of cysteine proteases, called caspases, that are activated during apoptosis and participate in dismantling the cell by cleaving key structural and regulatory proteins. We have explored the caspase activation events that are initiated upon infection of the human rectal tumor cell line HRT18 with TGEV. We show that TGEV infection results in the activation of caspase-3, -6, -7, -8, and -9 and cleavage of the caspase substrates eIF4GI, gelsolin, and ␣-fodrin. Surprisingly, the TGEV nucleoprotein (N) underwent proteolysis in parallel with the activation of caspases within the host cell. Cleavage of the N protein was inhibited by cell-permeative caspase inhibitors, suggesting that this viral structural protein is a target for host cell caspases. We show that the TGEV nucleoprotein is a substrate for both caspase-6 and -7, and using site-directed mutagenesis, we have mapped the cleavage site to VVPD 359 2. These data demonstrate that viral proteins can be targeted for destruction by the host cell death machinery.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, the NЈ form of the MHV N protein was shown to conserve its RNA binding properties (30). The function of the acidic carboxy-terminal domain of coronavirus N protein remains unknown (19). There is a general agreement that only the full-length N protein is incorporated into coronavirus particles (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Viral Nucleocapsid Protein of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus (TGEV) Is Cleaved by Caspase-6 and -7 during TGEV-Induced Apoptosis

Éléouët

Slee

Saurini

et al. 2000

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Coronaviruses have positive-stranded RNA genomes, on the order of 30 kb in length, that are packaged by a nucleocapsid protein (N) into helical ribonucleoprotein structures (31). The nucleocapsid is incorporated into viral particles by budding through the membrane of the intermediate compartment between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex (26,57).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Retargeting of Coronavirus by Substitution of the Spike Glycoprotein Ectodomain: Crossing the Host Cell Species Barrier

Kuo

Godeke

Raamsman

et al. 2000

J Virol

Self Cite

333

525

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coronaviruses generally have a narrow host range, infecting one or just a few species. Using targeted RNA recombination, we constructed a mutant of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) in which the ectodomain of the spike glycoprotein (S) was replaced with the highly divergent ectodomain of the S protein of feline infectious peritonitis virus. The resulting chimeric virus, designated fMHV, acquired the ability to infect feline cells and simultaneously lost the ability to infect murine cells in tissue culture. This reciprocal switch of species specificity strongly supports the notion that coronavirus host cell range is determined primarily at the level of interactions between the S protein and the virus receptor. The isolation of fMHV allowed the localization of the region responsible for S protein incorporation into virions to the carboxyterminal 64 of the 1,324 residues of this protein. This establishes a basis for further definition of elements involved in virion assembly. In addition, fMHV is potentially the ideal recipient virus for carrying out reverse genetics of MHV by targeted RNA recombination, since it presents the possibility of selecting recombinants, no matter how defective, that have regained the ability to replicate in murine cells.The family Coronaviridae contains the causative agents of a number of significant respiratory and enteric diseases affecting humans, other mammals, and birds (55). One of the hallmarks of this family is that most of its members exhibit a very strong degree of host species specificity, the molecular basis of which is thought to reside in the particularity of the interactions of individual viruses with their corresponding host cell receptors.Coronaviruses have positive-stranded RNA genomes, on the order of 30 kb in length, that are packaged by a nucleocapsid protein (N) into helical ribonucleoprotein structures (31). The nucleocapsid is incorporated into viral particles by budding through the membrane of the intermediate compartment between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex (26, 57). Subsequent to budding, it may acquire a spherical, possibly icosahedral superstructure (43,44). The virion envelope surrounding the nucleocapsid contains a minimal set of three structural proteins: the membrane glycoprotein (M), the small envelope protein (E), and the spike glycoprotein (S). In some coronaviruses, other proteins may also be present; these include a hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) (34, 54) and the product of the internal open reading frame of the N gene (I protein) (12, 53), neither of which is essential for virus infectivity.M is the most abundant of the virion structural proteins. It spans the membrane bilayer three times, having a short aminoterminal domain on the exterior of the virus and a large carboxy terminus, containing more than half the mass of the molecule, in the virion interior (48). By contrast, E is a minor structural protein, in both size and stoichiometry, and was only relatively recently identified as a constituent of viral particles (17,33,...

show abstract

“…2 The N protein of coronavirus binds to the virion RNA and provides the structural basis for the helical nucleocapsid. 10 It is the most abundant viral polypeptide in coronavirus-infected cells, and it is an immunologically dominant polypeptide. 8,10 The most highly conserved genomic sequences are found in the 20-kb polymerase gene, which covers the 5Ј two thirds of the coronavirus genome.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 It is the most abundant viral polypeptide in coronavirus-infected cells, and it is an immunologically dominant polypeptide. 8,10 The most highly conserved genomic sequences are found in the 20-kb polymerase gene, which covers the 5Ј two thirds of the coronavirus genome. An evolutionary link among coronaviruses, arteriviruses, and toroviruses has been demonstrated on the basis of these conserved functions and similarities in replication and expression strategies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Reverse Transcriptase—Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Diagnosis of Turkey Coronavirus Infection

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. This study reports on the development of a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the specific detection of turkey coronavirus (TCoV). Of the several sets of primers tested, 1 set of primers derived from the P gene and 2 sets derived from the N gene of TCoV could amplify the TCoV genome in the infected samples. The RT-PCR was sensitive and specific for TCoV and did not amplify other avian RNA and DNA viruses tested except the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). To overcome the problem of IBV amplification, a set of separate primers was designed from the spike protein gene of IBV. The RT-PCR under the same conditions as above could effectively differentiate between TCoV and IBV. The closely related bovine coronavirus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus of pigs were differentiated from TCoV using the same RT-PCR with slight modifications. The results of RT-PCR correlated well with the results of the immunofluorescent test for the same samples tested at the Purdue University Animal Disease Laboratory, West Lafayette, Indiana. The nucleotide sequence and projected amino acid sequence comparison of the P gene of different isolates of TCoV from 5 different states in the United States revealed a close association among the different isolates of TCoV.Coronavirus belongs to the family Coronaviridae, a large group of ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses that infect a wide range of avian and mammalian species. They are pleomorphic positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses measuring 60-220 nm in diameter. 3,11 The characteristic feature of the coronaviral morphology is the presence of long (12-24 nm), widely spaced petal-or pear-shaped surface projections, which impart to the virus the appearance of a solar corona. 14

show abstract

The Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Protein

Cited by 82 publications

References 130 publications

The Viral Nucleocapsid Protein of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus (TGEV) Is Cleaved by Caspase-6 and -7 during TGEV-Induced Apoptosis

The Viral Nucleocapsid Protein of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus (TGEV) Is Cleaved by Caspase-6 and -7 during TGEV-Induced Apoptosis

Retargeting of Coronavirus by Substitution of the Spike Glycoprotein Ectodomain: Crossing the Host Cell Species Barrier

A Reverse Transcriptase—Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Diagnosis of Turkey Coronavirus Infection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About