The Correlation Between Non-Invasive Ventilation Use and the Development of Dry Eye Disease

Abstract

The use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) devices such as continuous positive airway pressure and bi-level positive airway pressure machines have been associated with an increased incidence of dry eye disease (DED). To understand how the use of these ventilation masks impacts the eyes, a review of the pathophysiology of DED and an evaluation of recent studies investigating the effects of NIV use on the severity and incidence of this condition were performed. It was found that the use of face masks associated with the ventilation devices exhibited a positive correlation to the incidence and severity of numerous ocular pathologies. However, the benefits of non-invasive mechanical ventilation are undeniable in treating conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and respiratory failure; therefore, proper education, behavioral modifications, and treatment can help reduce or prevent the adverse effects that NIV have on the eyes.

Ocular disorders in non-invasive ventilation and CPAP therapy—A case report

“…It has become increasingly more prevalent in recent years for a plethora of reasons such as wearing contact lenses, rising usage of smartphones and computers, and normal aging. Additionally, environmental factors including cigarette smoke, dust, and exposure to dry air have been shown to worsen DED [2].…”

“…The benefits of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), congestive heart failure induced pulmonary edema, and acute and chronic hypoxic and hypercapnic respiratory failure have been documented [1]. However, the side effects associated with this type of treatment must be considered and addressed, since they can largely contribute to low patient compliance [2].…”

Olho seco e COVID-19: uma revisão narrativa

“…Shah PV, 2021 (18) A utilização de ventilação não invasiva com pressão positiva está relacionada a maiores de chances de desenvolver olho seco.…”

“…(12) Isso ocorre pelo vazamento de ar da máscara utilizada no aparelho, formando um ambiente seco e com corrente de ar no rosto em torno dos olhos do paciente, o qual, muitas vezes, acorda pela manhã com olhos irritados e vermelhos, após exposição noturna à essa circunstância. (12,18) Estudo realizado em hospital terciário australiano com 50 pacientes tratados com VNI mostrou 44% com sintomas de OS após 72 horas de tratamento. (18,19) Uso incorreto de máscaras cirúrgicas Durante o período de pandemia, observou-se aumento de irritação e ressecamento ocular entre os usuários regulares de máscaras.…”

“…(12,18) Estudo realizado em hospital terciário australiano com 50 pacientes tratados com VNI mostrou 44% com sintomas de OS após 72 horas de tratamento. (18,19) Uso incorreto de máscaras cirúrgicas Durante o período de pandemia, observou-se aumento de irritação e ressecamento ocular entre os usuários regulares de máscaras. (20) Cientistas do Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), denominaram o problema com a sigla MADE, a partir do termo em inglês mask associated dry eye.…”