The correlation of programmed death ligand 1 immunoexpression with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Putri, Lestari; Riani, F.; Dewayani, Birgitta Maria; Zamalek, N.; Hernowo, Bethy S.

doi:10.1016/j.pathol.2021.05.084

Cited by 1 publication

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“…PD-L1 produced by immune cells are a result of adapted immune resistance influenced by tumor immunogenicity, thus determining the clinical efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. 9,10 Antiangiogenic therapy for patients with metastatic ccRCC is costly and resistance has been reported. 11 COX-2 inhibitors are economical anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic, and are widely used in breast and colorectal carcinomas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Immunoexpression of COX-2 as a Metastatic Risk Factor in ccRCC without PD-L1 Involvement

Suryanti¹,

Agustina²,

Aziz³

et al. 2021

RRU

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Introduction Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most lethal type of malignancy of the urinary tract system as it is resistant to chemotherapy and radiation and has a survival rate of less than 5% in cases of metastasis. Inflammation plays an essential role in the metastasis of ccRCC. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inflammatory protein that affects the processes of carcinogenesis, invasion, migration, metastasis, and angiogenesis. COX-2 can modulate programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression and play a role in immune evasion, meaning that tumor cells are able to escape the body’s immune response and more easily metastasize. Purpose This study aims to determine the role of COX-2 and PD-L1 in the occurrence of ccRCC metastases. Materials and Methods This study is an observational analytical study, which employed a cross-sectional approach to examine the paraffin block samples of 40 ccRCC cases from Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung, Indonesia, between 2014 and 2021. Immunoexpression was measured using immunohistochemical staining for COX-2 in tumor cells and for PD-L1 in immune cells. PD-L1 calculation was measured using Qupath 0.2.3. digital software. Metastatic data were obtained using radiological imaging and pathological examinations. Meanwhile, the data were analyzed using the chi-square test for COX-2 and Fischer’s exact test for PD-L1. Results The research results revealed a significant association between COX-2 and the occurrence of metastases in ccRCC (p=0.001) with a prevalence odds ratio of 10.28. Positive PD-L1 immunoexpression of the immune cells (≥1%) was found in 14% (3/21) of the metastatic group and 5% (1/19) of the non-metastatic group (p=0.607). There was no association between COX-2 and PD-L1 immunoexpression (p=0.278). Conclusion This study shows that metastases in ccRCC patients are ten times as likely to be associated with high COX-2 immunoexpression than low COX-2 immunoexpression. COX-2 plays a role in the process of ccRCC metastasis without PD-L1 involvement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%