The correlations between Th1 and Th2 cytokines in human alveolar echinococcosis

Ma, Xingming; Zhang, Xuefei; Liu, Jia; Liu, Yufang; Zhao, Cunzhe; Cai, Huixia; Wen, Lei; Ma, Jun; Fan, Haining; Zhou, Jianye; Liu, Na; Zhang, Jingxiao; Wang, Yongshun; Wang, Wei; Zhan, Peizhen; Zhang, Xiongying; Zhang, Qing; Shi, Kemei; Liu, Peiyun

doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05135-y

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…According to a very recent study, the networks of cytokine correlations are quite complicated both in patient and in healthy control groups, and correlation analysis among the cytokines may explain the essential differences between them. 26 Thus, Spearman correlations of changes of four cytokines from all infected conditions demonstrated a positive correlation between IFN-γ and both the IL-1β (data below) and IL-17 levels ( Table 1 ), only when relating to BCG Russia. Also, all infected conditions demonstrated a positive correlation between IFN-γ and the IL-17 levels as well as IL-6 and both IFN-γ and IL-17 levels, except for the IL-17 levels using the Russia strain ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Time to face the proofs: the BCG Moreau vaccine promotes superior inflammatory cytokine profile in vitro when compared with Russia, Pasteur, and Danish strains

Silva

Albuquerque

Ponte

et al. 2021

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Tuberculosis (TB) has been a major public health problem worldwide, and the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine is the only available vaccine against this disease. The BCG vaccine is no longer a single organism; it consists of diverse strains. The early-shared strains of the BCG vaccine are stronger immunostimulators than the late-shared strains. In this study, we have employed a simple in vitro human model to broadly evaluate the differences among four widely used BCG vaccines during the characterization of strain-specific host immune responses. In general, the BCG Moreau vaccine generated a higher inflammatory cytokine profile and lower TGF-β levels compared with the Russia, Pasteur, and Danish strains in the context of early sensitization with TB; however, no changes were observed in the IL-23 levels between infected and noninfected cultures. Unsurprisingly, the BCG vaccines provided different features, and the variances among those strains may influence the activation of infected host cells, which ultimately leads to distinct protective efficacy to tackle TB.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Time to face the proofs: the BCG Moreau vaccine promotes superior inflammatory cytokine profile in vitro when compared with Russia, Pasteur, and Danish strains

Silva

Albuquerque

Ponte

et al. 2021

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…However, mRNA expression of GATA3 factor was upregulated after IP route, but not after SC and PO routes. In AE patients Ma et al . (2020) confirmed the presence of 20 Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the serum, which formed a more complicated network than in the healthy individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential activity of human leukocyte extract on systemic immune response and cyst growth in mice withEchinococcus multilocularisinfection after oral, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes of administration

et al. 2022

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Summary Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis is serious parasitic diseases associated with the host´s immunosuppression. The effects of human non-immune dialyzable leukocyte extract (DLE) on immune cells in blood and spleen and parasitic cysts weight in Balb/c mice after oral (PO), subcutaneous (SC) and intraperitoneal administration (IP) were compared. The reduction in cysts weight (p < 0.01) was recorded after PO route, whereas moderate reduction was found after SC and IP routes. The elevation of lymphoid populations in blood and spleen was found after PO administration (p < 0.01) in parallel with reduced myeloid population. Infection-elicited decline in B220+B cells was partially abolished by PO route, but DLE routes did not influence the CD3+ T cells. The proportions of CD3+CD4+Th lymphocytes were moderately upregulated, whereas CD3+CD8+Tc populations were reduced after all DLE routes (p < 0.01). PO administration increased CD11b+MHCIIhigh blood monocytes, CD11b-SigleF+ cell, but not CD11b+Si-glecF+ eosinophils in the blood, stimulated after SC and IP routes. DLE induced downregulation of NO production by LPS-stimulated adherent splenocytes ex vivo. Con A-triggered T lymphocyte proliferation was associated with the elevated IFN-γ production and transcription factor Tbet mRNA expression. The alleviation of Th2 (IL-4) and Treg (TGF-β) cytokine production by lymphocytes ex vivo paralleled with downregulation of gene transcription for cytokines, GATA and FoxP3. Reduction of myeloid cells with suppressive activity was found. The SC and IP routes affected partially the cysts weights, diminished significantly gene transcription, NO levels and Th2 and Treg cytokines production. Results showed that PO route of DLE administration was the most effective in ameliorating immunosuppression via stimulation of Th1 type, reducing Th2 and Treg type of immunity and CD3+CD8+Tc lymphocytes in the blood and spleens during E. multilocularis infection in mice.

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“…Allicin enhances host anti-echinococcosis immune function, and cytokines play a key role in the host immune response to parasitic infections [ 31 ]. Increased expression of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, and GM-CSF has been found to enhance host resistance to echinococcal infection [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Allicin Against Alveolar Echinococcosis In Vitro and in a Mouse Model

et al. 2021

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Purpose At present, the chemotherapy for alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is mainly based on albendazole (ABZ). However, more than 20% of patients fail chemotherapy. Therefore, new and more effective treatments are urgently needed. Allicin has been reported to have antibacterial and antiparasitic effects. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the in vivo and in vitro efficacy of allicin against Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis). Methods The effects of allicin on protoscolex survival and structural changes were evaluated in vitro. The 4-week-old BALB/c male mice used for in vivo modelling underwent inoculation of E. multilocularis protoscoleces by intraperitoneal injection, followed by intragastric administration of allicin for 6 weeks. Then, the effects of allicin on lymphocyte subsets, metacestode growth and host tissue matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2)/MMP9 expression around metacestodes in mice were evaluated. The toxicity of allicin was further evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Results Att 40 μg/mL, allicin showed a killing effect on protoscoleces in vitro and treatment resulted in the destruction of protoscolex structure. Molecular docking showed that allicin could form hydrogen bonds with E. multilocularis cysteine enzymes. After 6 weeks of in vivo allicin treatment, the spleen index of mice was increased and the weight of metacestodes was reduced. Allicin increased the proportion of CD4+ T cells and decreased the proportion of CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood and spleen. Pathological analysis of the metacestodes showed structural disruption of the germinal and laminated layers after allicin treatment. In addition, allicin inhibited the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in metacestode-surrounding host tissues. At 160 μg/mL, allicin had no significant toxicity to normal hepatocytes but could inhibit hepatoma cell proliferation. At 30 mg/kg, allicin had no significant hepatorenal toxicity in vivo. Conclusion These results suggest that allicin exerts anti-E. multilocularis effects in vitro and in vivo and can enhance immune function in mice, with the potential to be developed as a lead compound against echinococcosis.

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The correlations between Th1 and Th2 cytokines in human alveolar echinococcosis

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Time to face the proofs: the BCG Moreau vaccine promotes superior inflammatory cytokine profile in vitro when compared with Russia, Pasteur, and Danish strains

Time to face the proofs: the BCG Moreau vaccine promotes superior inflammatory cytokine profile in vitro when compared with Russia, Pasteur, and Danish strains

Differential activity of human leukocyte extract on systemic immune response and cyst growth in mice withEchinococcus multilocularisinfection after oral, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes of administration

Evaluation of Allicin Against Alveolar Echinococcosis In Vitro and in a Mouse Model

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