The Cost of Maternal Complications and Its Associated Factors Among Mothers Attending Public Hospitals in Harari Region and Dire Dawa City Administration, Eastern Ethiopia: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background Pregnant women face high costs for health-care services despite being advertised as free. These costs include non-medical expenses, lost productivity, difficulties caring for family members, and long-term financial impact from complications. Limited research has been done on the cost burden of maternal services and complications, despite numerous studies on maternal health service provision. This is notable considering the government’s claim of providing free maternal health-care services. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in July (1–30) 2022 among 425 randomly selected mothers in Harari and Dire Dawa City, Eastern Ethiopia. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and medical record reviews. The collected data was entered into Epi-Data version 3.02 and analyzed using STATA version 14.0 after data cleaning. Descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis were used to examine the data, ensuring assumptions of linearity, independence, homoscedasticity, and normality were met. The correlation coefficient was used to assess the strength of the association. Results The median cost of maternal complications was around 4250 ETB (81.3 USD; IQR = 2900–5833.3), factors that predicted cost were monthly family income of ≥3001 birr (β=1.13; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.26), distance from hospital (β=0.73; 95% CI = 0.64–0.83), being admitted for less than 4 days (β=0.60; 95% CI = 0.53–0.69), accompanied by relatives besides their husbands (β=1.93; 95% CI = 1.52–2.46), caesarian sections delivery (β=1.17; 95% CI = 1.04–1.31), and giving birth to a normal baby (β=0.86; 95% CI = 0.77–0.97). Conclusion Maternal complications incur significant costs, with factors such as family income, travel time, hospital stay, caregiver presence, mode of delivery, and neonatal outcome predicting these costs. The Ethiopian health system should address the additional expenses faced by mothers with complications and their caregivers.

Korea Nurses’ Health Study and the health of reproductive-aged women: a cohort profile

“…Furthermore, the prevalence of chronic diseases, including osteoporosis, hypercholesterolemia, anemia, and allergic rhinitis, is higher in women than in men [6,7]. Moreover, the lack of disease predictors for women's health leads to increased healthcare costs [8,9]. Further studies are needed to better understand the health determinants in women.…”