The Crash Compatibility of Cars and Light Trucks

Gabler, Hampton C.; Hollowell, William T.

doi:10.1080/10286580008902550

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The first type of factor that may influence risk relates to the driver's own vehicle characteristics. ( 6 ) Vehicle mass has a well‐established influence on risk; greater mass is associated with decreased risk in two‐vehicle crashes. ( 17,18 ) The stiffness of the vehicle depends on the underlying structure of the vehicle (e.g., a ladder frame design is stiffer than a unibody design).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent empirical studies appear to confirm these perceptions about LTV safety. ( 6–9 ) For every 1,000 two‐vehicle crashes in which one vehicle is a large SUV, there are an estimated 3.68 driver fatalities in the other vehicle involved in the crash (“collision partner”). In contrast, for crashes involving a large car, only 1.39 fatalities occur in the collision partner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In head‐on crashes between cars and SUVs, there are four times as many deaths among the drivers of cars as among the drivers of SUVs. ( 6 )…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety Impacts of SUVs, Vans, and Pickup Trucks in Two‐Vehicle Crashes

Toy¹,

Hammitt²

2003

Risk Analysis

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Policy makers, vehicle manufacturers, and consumers have shown growing concern about the relative safety of sport utility vehicles (SUVs), vans, pickups, and cars. Empirical analysis of real-world crashes is complicated by the possibility that apparent relationships between vehicle type and safety may be confounded by other factors, such as driver behavior and crash circumstances. This study compares different vehicle types with respect to their crashworthiness (self-protection) and aggressivity (risk to others) in crashes between two passenger vehicles. The U.S. Crashworthiness Data System is used to analyze detailed information on 6,481 drivers involved in crashes during 1993-1999. Logistic regression analysis is used to model the risk of serious injury or death to a driver, conditional on a crash occurring. Covariates include the body type of each vehicle in the crash; the driver's age, gender, and restraint use; and the configuration of the crash. A unique feature of this study is the use of "delta-v" to represent the joint effects of vehicle mass and crash severity. While estimated effects are somewhat sensitive to the injury severity level used as the outcome variable, SUVs, vans, and pickups appear to be more aggressive and may be more crashworthy than cars. Effects of pickups are most pronounced. Drivers in pickups face less risk of serious injury than car drivers (odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20-0.60), and drivers who collide with pickups experience more than twice the risk than those who collide with a car (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.03-4.62). While vehicle mass and crash severity contribute to the apparent crashworthiness and aggressivity of passenger vehicles, other vehicle characteristics associated with body type (e.g., the stiffness and height of the underlying structure of the vehicle) also influence safety risks.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety Impacts of SUVs, Vans, and Pickup Trucks in Two‐Vehicle Crashes

Toy¹,

Hammitt²

2003

Risk Analysis

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“…Furthermore, because cars tend to be smaller and lighter than other vehicle types, these drivers tend to be placed at the greatest disadvantage with regard to crash outcomes. By focusing on crashes where partner vehicles are cars, we are able to estimate the aspect of vehicle incompatibility that has been identified by researchers and automakers as the most problematic (Gabler and Hollowell 2000;Baker et al 2008;Teoh and Nolan 2012).…”

Section: Data Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although cars can be incompatible with other cars, and likewise for SUVs and pickups, the majority of incompatibility occurs between vehicle types rather than within them. In the year 2000, for example, SUVs and pickups accounted for just one third of the fleet but crashes between these vehicles and cars accounted for more than half of all fatalities (Gabler and Hollowell 2000). Incompatibility between vehicle types is often related to curb weight imbalances; in 2013-2016, the average SUV and pickup were approximately 1,000 and 2,000 pounds heavier than the average car, respectively (Insurance Institute for Highway Safety [IIHS] analysis of data obtained from IHS Markit).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in aggressivity and driver risk for cars, SUVs, and pickups: Vehicle incompatibility from 1989 to 2016

Monfort

Nolan

2019

Traffic Injury Prevention

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Physics of Car Crashes: Design Concepts for Safer Cars

Viano¹,

Prasad²

2014

Encyclopedia of Automotive Engineering

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Motor vehicle crashes involve a rapid deceleration of the occupant compartment as kinetic energy is absorbed by crush of vehicle structures. In severe impacts with offset loading, intrusion of the occupant compartment can occur. This chapter summarizes injury risks in field accidents using NASS‐CDS for occupants with and without seat belt use by the vehicle and crash type. It also addresses ejection status (nonejected, partial, and complete ejection). The dynamics of a crash are explored assuming a Haversine acceleration to identify peak acceleration of the occupant compartment and stopping distance typical of government and consumer testing in front, side, and rear crashes. Injury criteria and human tolerances are provided for the family of Hybrid III adult, child, and infant dummies. The chapter includes a discussion of vehicle structures, stiffness, and compatibility. It concludes with an overview of occupant restraint systems and ride‐down benefits with belt pretensioners tightening the seat belts.

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The Crash Compatibility of Cars and Light Trucks

Cited by 27 publications

References 1 publication

Safety Impacts of SUVs, Vans, and Pickup Trucks in Two‐Vehicle Crashes

Safety Impacts of SUVs, Vans, and Pickup Trucks in Two‐Vehicle Crashes

Trends in aggressivity and driver risk for cars, SUVs, and pickups: Vehicle incompatibility from 1989 to 2016

Physics of Car Crashes: Design Concepts for Safer Cars

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