The Criteria for the System of Scientific Knowledge

Abstract

The authors marked and characterized four sets of criteria:
 1) the criteria for scientific knowledge, 2) the criteria for the
 truth of knowledge, and 3) the criteria for cultural research, 4) the
 criteria for independence of science. All these four sets of criteria
 related to each other and partially overlap. The mixing of these
 criteria makes it difficult to develop the problems of the philosophy
 of science. The existing trend of rejection of the category of truth
 manifests itself in proposals to replace it with the concepts of reliability,
 credibility, sense. Such position creates a paradoxical situation
 of self-referencing: if there is no truth, then what is approved
 by postmodernists and domestic authors, is also not truth. Therefore,
 the consistent implementation of the provisions of the postmodern
 leads them to self-destruct. The leading criterions of truth have the
 empirical evidence. Its base component is a statistically significant
 observation. It operates as a pure supervision or as supervision in
 the composition of practices, including experiment. Derivative of
 empirical verification by criteria of truth are logical provability,
 heuristic, simplicity and beauty. The criteria for scientific knowledge
 are conclusiveness (rationality), noncontradiction, empirical verifiability,
 repeatability of empirical material, general meaning, systematicity
 (coherence), essentiality, uniqueness of terms, developmental
 potency. On the basis of these criteria the authors give the
 generalized definition of scientific knowledge.

“Сhinese date” - elite plant drug of the ancient Asiatic traditional medicines

“…Растение относят к семейству Rhamnaceae -Крушиновые. По аналогии с представителями этого семейства (крушина ломкая и другие виды, жостер слабитель-ный) должно возникнуть предположение о слаби-тельном действии унаби, что подтверждается не-которыми источниками [15,25]. Происхождение названия растения и некоторые несущественные сведения о его свойствах приведены в справочнике «Энциклопедический словарь…» [38].…”