The Critical Function of microRNAs in Developing Resistance against 5- Fluorouracil in Cancer Cells

Abstract

Although there have been significant advancements in cancer treatment, resistance and recurrence in patients make it one of the leading causes of death worldwide. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an antimetabolite agent, is widely used in treating a broad range of human malignancies. The cytotoxic effects of 5-FU are mediated by the inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TYMS/TS), resulting in the suppression of essential biosynthetic activity, as well as the misincorporation of its metabolites into RNA and DNA. Despite its huge benefits in cancer therapy, the application of 5-FU in the clinic is restricted due to the occurrence of drug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that act as negative regulators in many gene expression processes. Research has shown that changes in miRNA play a role in cancer progression and drug resistance. This review examines the role of miRNAs in 5-FU drug resistance in cancers.

Potential anticancer properties and mechanisms of thymoquinone in colorectal cancer

“…Despite notable progress in surgical and chemotherapy procedures, the survival rates of patients with life-threatening diseases such as cancers are still affected by drug resistance and adverse side effects experienced under chemotherapy or radiotherapy [ 166 ]. Hence, it is imperative to fortify exploration and development endeavors to enhance the efficacy of prevalent remedial protocols while concurrently curtailing their adverse influence on patient health and standard of living.…”