The crosstalk between astaxanthin, fatty acids and reactive oxygen species in heterotrophic Chlorella zofingiensis

Zhang, Zhao; Sun, Dongzhe; Mao, Xuemei; Liu, Jin; Chen, Feng

doi:10.1016/j.algal.2016.08.015

Cited by 65 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Surprisingly, starch degradation was also functionally enriched; therefore, the observed starch accumulation may be due to posttranscriptional mechanisms that promote the anabolism. This study, consistent with previous studies, showed that Glc could induce production of TAGs and astaxanthin in C. zofingiensis (Huang et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2016). However, C. zofingiensis contrasts with Chlorella pyrenoidosa, which accumulates starch during heterotrophy but lipids during photoautotrophy (Fan et al, 2015).…”

Section: Transcriptome Dynamics Correspond With Changes In Energy Ressupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Recently, the connection between the accumulation of TAGs and astaxanthin in C. zofingiensis has become of interest to improve commercialization of this alga. Either Glc addition or nitrogen starvation stimulates the accumulation of TAGs and astaxanthin (this study; Breuer et al, 2012;Mulders et al, 2014;Huang et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2016). Astaxanthin accumulates primarily as astaxanthin esters with mono-or diesterified FAs.…”

Section: Transcriptome Dynamics Correspond With Changes In Energy Resmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…It is possible that the esterified forms of astaxanthin colocalize with TAGs in cytoplasmic lipid droplets near the cell membrane, but further evidence is needed to test this hypothesis. It has been hypothesized that ketocarotenoid and FA biosynthesis compete for carbon precursors and reducing power (Zhang et al, 2016). In Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae), there is coordination between astaxanthin and FA biosynthesis at the metabolite level, but not the transcript level (Chen et al, 2015a).…”

Section: Transcriptome Dynamics Correspond With Changes In Energy Resmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to C. reinhardtii, C. zofingiensis can grow with Glc as its sole carbon source, and has an expanded number of hexose transporter genes, suggesting the ability to acclimate to a wide variety of environmental conditions (Suzuki et al, 2018). Under specific conditions such as heterotrophy, nitrogen deprivation, or high light, C. zofingiensis accumulates high amounts of the valuable secondary ketocarotenoid astaxanthin and biofuel precursors (Breuer et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2014;Mulders et al, 2014;Huang et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2016;Roth et al, 2017). Astaxanthin has a variety of commercial applications such as in feed and cosmetics, and recent studies have highlighted its value as a pharmaceutical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation of Oxygenic Photosynthesis during Trophic Transitions in the Green Alga Chromochloris zofingiensis

et al. 2019

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Light and nutrients are critical regulators of photosynthesis and metabolism in plants and algae. Many algae have the metabolic flexibility to grow photoautotrophically, heterotrophically, or mixotrophically. Here, we describe reversible Glc-dependent repression/activation of oxygenic photosynthesis in the unicellular green alga Chromochloris zofingiensis. We observed rapid and reversible changes in photosynthesis, in the photosynthetic apparatus, in thylakoid ultrastructure, and in energy stores including lipids and starch. Following Glc addition in the light, C. zofingiensis shuts off photosynthesis within days and accumulates large amounts of commercially relevant bioproducts, including triacylglycerols and the high-value nutraceutical ketocarotenoid astaxanthin, while increasing culture biomass. RNA sequencing reveals reversible changes in the transcriptome that form the basis of this metabolic regulation. Functional enrichment analyses show that Glc represses photosynthetic pathways while ketocarotenoid biosynthesis and heterotrophic carbon metabolism are upregulated. Because sugars play fundamental regulatory roles in gene expression, physiology, metabolism, and growth in both plants and animals, we have developed a simple algal model system to investigate conserved eukaryotic sugar responses as well as mechanisms of thylakoid breakdown and biogenesis in chloroplasts. Understanding regulation of photosynthesis and metabolism in algae could enable bioengineering to reroute metabolism toward beneficial bioproducts for energy, food, pharmaceuticals, and human health.

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Section: Transcriptome Dynamics Correspond With Changes In Energy Ressupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Transcriptome Dynamics Correspond With Changes In Energy Resmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Transcriptome Dynamics Correspond With Changes In Energy Resmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Regulation of Oxygenic Photosynthesis during Trophic Transitions in the Green Alga Chromochloris zofingiensis

et al. 2019

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“…The synthesis of astaxanthin and fatty acids is coordinated at the biochemical and transcriptional levels in H. pluvialis (Chen et al, ; Schoefs et al, ; Zhekisheva et al, ), in which the enhanced accumulation of oleic acid was linearly correlated with that of AE and the inhibition of the de novo fatty acid biosynthesis would reduce or even prevent accumulation of AE (Zhekisheva et al, , ). However, previous studies suggested a more complicated relationship between AE and TFA in C. zofingiensis (Liu et al, ; Zhang et al, ). Recently, Huang et al () revealed that astaxanthin and TAG accumulations were found to be coordinated in C. zofingiensis under mixotrophic culture conditions based on the transcriptome data, but the relationship between fatty acids and AE has not been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Discrepancy of Fatty Acid Composition of Astaxanthin Esters and Total Fatty Acids in Photoautotrophic and Heterotrophic Chlorella zofingiensis

Zhang

Dong

et al. 2019

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Chlorella zofingiensis has great potential for astaxanthin and fatty acid production. This study investigated the accumulation of astaxanthin and total fatty acids (TFA), the fatty acid compositions of astaxanthin esters and TFA in photoautotrophic and heterotrophic C. zofingiensis, respectively. The results displayed that in photoautotrophic cells, 18:3 was the most predominant fatty acid, followed by 16:0, 18:2, and 18:1, while astaxanthin mono-esters (mono-AE) contained only 16:0 and 18:0, and astaxanthin di-esters (di-AE) contained 16:0 mostly, followed by 18:1, 18:0, 18:2, and 18:3. C. zofingiensis accumulated the highest level of astaxanthin and TFA under heterotrophic conditions fed with 30 g L −1 glucose. The percentage of 18:1 in TFA, mono-AE, and di-AE increased from 10.05%, 0%, and 17.76% to 35.80%, 14.84%, and 50.12%, respectively; in contrast, the percentages of 18:3 in TFA and di-AE were observed to decrease from 40.42% and 7.59% to 9.56% and 1.30%, respectively, in comparison with those in photoautotrophic ones. The RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) results showed that the expressions of the genes in astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthetic pathways were increased under this heterotrophic condition. These results indicated differential accumulation of AE and TFA, especially fatty acid compositions of TFA and AE in photoautotrophic and heterotrophic cells, suggesting a positive correlation between astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis.

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Metabolite analysis of soybean oil on promoting astaxanthin production of Phaffia rhodozyma

Zhang

Guan

et al. 2022

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND Astaxanthin is a carotenoid with strong antioxidant property. In addition, it has anti‐cancer, anti‐tumor, anti‐inflammatory and many other functions. The micro‐organisms that mainly produce astaxanthin are Haematococcus pluvialis and Phaffia rhodozyma. Compared with H. pluvialis, P. rhodozyma has shorter fermentation cycle and easier to control culture conditions, but the yield of astaxanthin in P. rhodozyma is low. This article studied how to improve the astaxanthin production of P. rhodozyma. RESULTS The results showed that when 10 mL L−1 soybean oil was added to the culture medium, astaxanthin production increased significantly, reaching 7.35 mg L−1, which was 1.4 times that of the control group, and lycopene and β‐carotene contents also increased significantly. Through targeted metabolite analysis, the fatty acids in P. rhodozyma significantly increased under the soybean oil stimulation, especially the fatty acids closely related to the formation of astaxanthin esters, included palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9), linoleic acid (C18:2n6), α‐linolenic acid (C18:3n3) and γ‐linolenic acid (C18:3n6), thereby increasing the astaxanthin esters content. CONCLUSION It showed that the addition of soybean oil can promote the accumulation of astaxanthin by promoting the increase of astaxanthin ester content. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

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The crosstalk between astaxanthin, fatty acids and reactive oxygen species in heterotrophic Chlorella zofingiensis

Cited by 65 publications

References 48 publications

Regulation of Oxygenic Photosynthesis during Trophic Transitions in the Green Alga Chromochloris zofingiensis

Regulation of Oxygenic Photosynthesis during Trophic Transitions in the Green Alga Chromochloris zofingiensis

The Discrepancy of Fatty Acid Composition of Astaxanthin Esters and Total Fatty Acids in Photoautotrophic and Heterotrophic Chlorella zofingiensis

Metabolite analysis of soybean oil on promoting astaxanthin production of Phaffia rhodozyma

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