The Cultural Origins Western Depression

Jadhav, Sushrut

doi:10.1177/002076409604200403

Cited by 44 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Depression, like all biomedical psychiatric categories, has its roots in a Western medical and cultural framework (Jadhav, 2000). The evolution of this category has been especially enhanced by the development of medications supposedly targeted to treat this disorder, a historical process which has been eloquently described by Healy (1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are concerns that, by using interviews and constructs developed largely in Western cultures for non-Western cultures, identifying ''cases'' of depression may constitute a category fallacy (Kleinman, 1987;Jadhav, 2000). The authors of this paper have been engaged in research on depression in non-psychiatric settings in Goa and Mumbai for many years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Listening to mothers: qualitative studies on motherhood and depression from Goa, India

Rodrigues

Patel

Jaswal

et al. 2003

Social Science & Medicine

184

209

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There is little qualitative research on depression in motherhood from non-Western societies. The objective of the study described in this paper was to use qualitative methods to investigate the cultural validity of the construct of postnatal depression (PND) and its social and cultural contexts. The study was nested in a cohort of mothers recruited to study the risk factors and outcome of PND in Goa, India. In-depth interviews were carried out with 39 mothers (19 of whom were found to be suffering from PND as defined by a cut-off score on the Edinburgh PND scale) and their husbands purposively recruited from the cohort. An illness narrative was conducted with mothers who were categorized as suffering from PND and their husbands to elicit their explanatory models. The two groups (PND and non-PND) of mothers were comparable in terms of socio-demographic characteristics. PND mothers had lower levels of practical help and emotional support. The symptoms reported by PND mothers were similar to those recorded in studies with women in other cultures suggesting a universal clinical presentation of PND. Causal attributions for the experience of depression focused on economic difficulties and poor marital relationship. All mothers expressed the need for more practical help and support during the period after childbirth; husbands in both groups were often disengaged from baby care or supporting the mother. The study provides validity for the construct of PND in an Indian setting, but also shows that the emotional distress is interpreted from the context of social adversity, poor marital relationships and cultural attitudes towards gender rather than a biomedical psychiatric category. Contrary to the assumption that sociocultural contexts associated with childbirth in non-Western societies protect mothers from depression, factors unique to the culture such as gender preference and the low involvement of husbands in child-care are major causes of stress to mothers. r

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Listening to mothers: qualitative studies on motherhood and depression from Goa, India

Rodrigues

Patel

Jaswal

et al. 2003

Social Science & Medicine

184

209

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Whereas Jadhav (1995) questions the validity and the appropriateness to use the term "depression" for symptom patterns that bear little resemblance to Western depression, Marsella (1980) is of the view that "depression does not assume a universal form" (p. 260), and that "the psychological representation of depression occurring in the Western world is often absent in non-Western societies" (p. 261).…”

Section: Current (Cross-) Cultural Research In Mental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Mutual Embeddedness of Culture and Mental Illness

Sam¹,

Moreira²

2012

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

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“…Historical arguments for the persistence of core symptoms are undermined by widespread evidence of differences in depressive symptomology across cultures (Cheng, 1989;Jadhav, 1996;Kleinman and Good, 1985) and historical eras (Jackson, 1981). The use of animal models of depression has been criticized as lacking face validity given the subjective nature of depression in humans (Anisman and Matheson, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Valid Subtypes for Depression in Primary Care Settings

Karasz¹

2008

Journal of Nervous &Amp; Mental Disease

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A persistent theme in the debate on the classification of depressive disorders is the distinction between biological and environmental depressions. Despite decades of research, there remains little consensus on how to distinguish between depressive subtypes. This preliminary study describes a method that could be useful, if implemented on a larger scale, in the development of valid subtypes of depression in primary care settings, using explanatory models of depressive illness. Seventeen depressed Hispanic patients at an inner city general practice participated in explanatory model interviews. Participants generated illness narratives, which included details about symptoms, cause, course, impact, health seeking, and anticipated outcome. Two distinct subtypes emerged from the analysis. The internal model subtype was characterized by internal attributions, specifically the notion of an "injured self." The external model subtype conceptualized depression as a reaction to life situations. Each subtype was associated with a distinct constellation of clinical features and health seeking experiences. Future directions for research using explanatory models to establish depressive subtypes are explored. KeywordsDepression; explanatory model; subtypes; classification; conceptual models; illness representation A useful diagnostic system should indicate the etiology of an illness, guide treatment, predict outcomes, and, above all, reflect the structure of observed reality. It is a widely held view that the current classification system for depressive disorders falls short in each of these respects. Over the past few decades there have been serious attempts to rationalize the DSMs and increase their heuristic and pragmatic value. A persistent theme in this debate has been the question of how to distinguish biological depressions from depressions that are social in origin.The current classification system posits a "unitary" model of depression, distinguishing between different forms of the illness largely by severity (Parker, 2000). This model has reigned since the distinction between "reactive" and "endogenous" subtypes in the classification of depression fell out of favor in the late 1980s. After the disappointing failure of large-scale studies to validate the subtypes (Katschnig et al., 1986), they were subsequently omitted from DSM-III. Although a new category, "adjustment disorder," was added at this time, it has not proved useful. A "rule out" diagnosis that can be made only when the patient does not meet full criteria for depression, adjustment disorder is conflated with symptom severity, and is thus

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The Cultural Origins Western Depression

Cited by 44 publications

References 20 publications

Listening to mothers: qualitative studies on motherhood and depression from Goa, India

Listening to mothers: qualitative studies on motherhood and depression from Goa, India

Revisiting the Mutual Embeddedness of Culture and Mental Illness

The Development of Valid Subtypes for Depression in Primary Care Settings

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