The Current and New Strains of Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus (BaYMV) in Tochigi Prefecture.

Abstract

Before spreading the new cultivar "Sukai Golden" which is resistant to Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) strains I, II and III, occurrence of BaYMV strains in Tochigi prefecture was investigated. Strain I and III were being spread in the northern and southern areas of Tochigi prefecture, respectively. Showing that the resistance of currently cultivated cultivars was inadequate to prevent BaYMV. In addition, Ootawara strain, pathogenicity different from the existing strains, and damage BaYMV resistance gene rym3 was found in Ootawara-city. We examined their pathogenicity to different to barley cultivars, analyzed their homology using nucleotide and amino acid sequences, and performed molecular phylogenetic analyses. The results showed that Ootawara and Yamaguchi strains were distantly related to the three strains, and classifi ed as strain IV and V, respectively. Strains IV and V were distinguishable by using test cultivar "Hayakiso 2" or using "Urakoukawamugi 3" and "Sangatsu". "Sukai Golden" and "Mokusekko 3" show resistance to all strains, I to V, meaning that these are useful for breeding virus-resistant cultivars, and accumulating resistance genes, rym1, rym3 and rym5, are important for future malting barley breeding programs.

Biological and genetic diversity of plasmodiophorid-transmitted viruses and their vectors

“…In Japan, eight strains in five pathological groups (I to V) of BaYMV have been identified based on the response of differential cultivars, and named pathotypes I-1, I-2, I-3, II-1, II-2, III, IV, and V (Table 3) (Kashiwazaki et al 1989;Okada et al 2004;Sotome et al 2010). In Europe, BaYMV strains are distinguished based of the infectivity of rym4 and rym5 cultivars, and the resistance-breaking virus strain, named…”

Breeding of a new food barley cultivar "Shiratae Nijo" exhibiting no after-cooking discoloration

“…Shiratae Nijo showed high resistance to BaYMV type I and V (Sotome et al 2010), but was susceptible to type III. Shiratae Nijo is presumed to have a resistant gene rym5 derived from Nishinohoshi (Nagamine et al 2007); therefore, Shiratae Nijo showed the same reaction to BaYMV types as Nishinohoshi.…”

The two-row malting barley cultivar ‘New Sachiho Golden’ with null lipoxygenase-1 improves flavor stability in beer and was developed by marker-assisted selection

“…We tested resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV), powdery mildew and scab, pre-harvest sprouting, and hull cracking (see Table 3 for methods). The BaYMV strains (types I–V) have been classified on the basis of pathogenicity to various barley cultivars in Japan ( Kashiwazaki et al 1989 , Sotome et al . 2010 , Sotome 2012 ).…”