The current situation for gastric cancer in Chile

Caglevic, Christian; Silva, Shirley; Mahave, Mauricio; Rolfo, Christian; Gallardo, Jorge

doi:10.3332/ecancer.2016.707

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Previous studies have implicated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in gastric tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis [43]. Interestingly, constitutive Wnt/β-catenin signaling usually results from H. pylori infection; in Chile, it is estimated that >70% of the population is H. pylori+ [8]. Therefore, it is reasonable to speculate this could be an environmental factor that plays a role in the country’s high incidence of GC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Proportion of Potential Candidates for Immunotherapy in a Chilean Cohort of Gastric Cancer Patients: Results of the FORCE1 Study

Córdova-Delgado

Pinto

Retamal

et al. 2019

Cancers

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Gastric cancer (GC) is a heterogeneous disease. This heterogeneity applies not only to morphological and phenotypic features but also to geographical variations in incidence and mortality rates. As Chile has one of the highest mortality rates within South America, we sought to define a molecular profile of Chilean GCs (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03158571/(FORCE1)). Solid tumor samples and clinical data were obtained from 224 patients, with subsets analyzed by tissue microarray (TMA; n = 90) and next generation sequencing (NGS; n = 101). Most demographic and clinical data were in line with previous reports. TMA data indicated that 60% of patients displayed potentially actionable alterations. Furthermore, 20.5% were categorized as having a high tumor mutational burden, and 13% possessed micro-satellite instability (MSI). Results also confirmed previous studies reporting high Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positivity (13%) in Chilean-derived GC samples suggesting a high proportion of patients could benefit from immunotherapy. As expected, TP53 and PIK3CA were the most frequently altered genes. However, NGS demonstrated the presence of TP53, NRAS, and BRAF variants previously unreported in current GC databases. Finally, using the Kendall method, we report a significant correlation between EBV+ status and programmed death ligand-1 (PDL1)+ and an inverse correlation between p53 mutational status and MSI. Our results suggest that in this Chilean cohort, a high proportion of patients are potential candidates for immunotherapy treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in South America to assess the prevalence of actionable targets and to examine a molecular profile of GC patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As occurs with GC incidence, the distribution of histological types and the frequency of both H. pylori and EBV are highly heterogeneous across the globe. In Chile, >70% of the population is H. pylori + [8], while approximately a 16% of GCs are EBV+ [9,10], a percentage much higher than the observed in most countries [9,11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Proportion of Potential Candidates for Immunotherapy in a Chilean Cohort of Gastric Cancer Patients: Results of the FORCE1 Study

Córdova-Delgado

Pinto

Retamal

et al. 2019

Cancers

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“…Chile has a particular geography with nearly 5,000 km longitudinal extension with varying climatic conditions, nutritional habits, and ethnic composition. Epidemiological differences have been reported in gastric and gallbladder cancer, showing a higher frequency in the Mapuche population, concentrated in southern Chile [10][11][12]. The geography of Chile and its regions is depicted in the (Fig 1 in S4 Appendix, left map).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorectal cancer trends in Chile: A Latin-American country with marked socioeconomic inequities

Mondschein

Subiabre²,

Yankovic³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent malignant disease in the world. In some countries with established screening programs, its incidence and mortality have decreased, and survival has improved. Aims To obtain reliable data about the epidemiology of CRC in Chile, we analyzed the trends in the last ten years and the influence of observable factors on survival, including a nationwide health program for CRC treatment access (GES program). Methods Publicly available data published by the Ministry of Health and National Institute of Statistics were used. Data were obtained from registries of mortality and hospital discharges, making follow-up of the individuals possible. Crude and age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated, and individual survival was studied by constructing Kaplan–Meier curves. Finally, a Cox statistical model was established to estimate the impact of the observable factors. Results We found 37,217 newly identified CRC patients between 2008 and 2019 in Chile, corresponding to 103,239 hospital discharges. In the same period, 24,217 people died of CRC. A nearly linear, steady increase in crude incidence, mortality and prevalence was observed. CRC incidence was the lowest in the North of the country, increasing toward the South and reaching a maximum value of 34.6/100,000 inhabitants/year in terms of crude incidence and 20.7/100,000 inhabitants/year in terms of crude mortality in the XII region in 2018. We found that older patients had lower survival rates, as well as men compared to women. Survival was significantly better for patients with private insurance than those under the public insurance system, and the treating hospital also played a significant role in the survival of patients. Patients in the capital region survived longer than those in almost every other part of the country. We found no significant effect on survival associated with the GES program. Conclusions We found important inequalities in the survival probabilities for CRC patients in Chile. Survival depends mainly on the type of insurance, access to more complex hospitals, and geographical location; all three factors correlated with socioeconomic status of the population. Our work emphasized the need to create specific programs addressing primary causes to decrease the differences in CRC survival.

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“…About the latter, gastric cancer (GC) had a global incidence of 1,089,103 cases in 2020, being distributed similarly between males and females, with higher rates of incidence and mortality in Eastern and Western Asia (Japan, Korea, and Iran), and Latin America (Ecuador and Costa Rica) [ 4 ]. In Chile, GC is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with incidence and mortality rates of 15.6 and 13.8 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively, according to IARC [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purinergic P2Y2 and P2X4 Receptors Are Involved in the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Metastatic Potential of Gastric Cancer Derived Cell Lines

et al. 2021

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Gastric cancer (GC) is a major health concern worldwide, presenting a complex pathophysiology that has hindered many therapeutic efforts so far. In this context, purinergic signaling emerges as a promising pathway for intervention due to its known role in cancer cell proliferation and migration. In this work, we explored in more detail the role of purinergic signaling in GC with several experimental approaches. First, we measured extracellular ATP concentrations on GC-derived cell lines (AGS, MKN-45, and MKN-74), finding higher levels of extracellular ATP than those obtained for the non-tumoral gastric cell line GES-1. Next, we established the P2Y2 and P2X4 receptors (P2Y2R and P2X4R) expression profile on these cells and evaluated their role on cell proliferation and migration after applying overexpression and knockdown strategies. In general, a P2Y2R overexpression and P2X4R downregulation pattern were observed on GC cell lines, and when these patterns were modified, concomitant changes in cell viability were observed. These modifications on gene expression also modified transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), showing that higher P2Y2R levels decreased TEER, and high P2X4R expression had the opposite effect, suggesting that P2Y2R and P2X4R activation could promote and suppress epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), respectively. These effects were confirmed after treating AGS cells with UTP, a P2Y2R-agonist that modified the expression patterns towards mesenchymal markers. To further characterize the effects of P2Y2R activation on EMT, we used cDNA microarrays and observed that UTP induced important transcriptional changes on several cell processes like cell proliferation induction, apoptosis inhibition, cell differentiation induction, and cell adhesion reduction. These results suggest that purinergic signaling plays a complex role in GC pathophysiology, and changes in purinergic balance can trigger tumorigenesis in non-tumoral gastric cells.

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The current situation for gastric cancer in Chile

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

High Proportion of Potential Candidates for Immunotherapy in a Chilean Cohort of Gastric Cancer Patients: Results of the FORCE1 Study

High Proportion of Potential Candidates for Immunotherapy in a Chilean Cohort of Gastric Cancer Patients: Results of the FORCE1 Study

Colorectal cancer trends in Chile: A Latin-American country with marked socioeconomic inequities

Purinergic P2Y2 and P2X4 Receptors Are Involved in the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Metastatic Potential of Gastric Cancer Derived Cell Lines

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