The Current State of Optical Sensors in Medical Wearables

Vavrinský, Erik; Esfahani, Niloofar Ebrahimzadeh; Hausner, Michal; Kuzma, Anton; Rezo, V.; Donoval, Martin; Kosnáčová, Helena

doi:10.3390/bios12040217

Cited by 56 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 309 publications

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“…Moreover, if miniaturization is possible, they can be cheap. Since they are capable of recognizing unique spectral signatures of the biochemical compounds involved in the physiology of the human body, they can be used in the comfort of the home and the development of telemedicine in the 21st century [ 52 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Innovative Methods of Fetal pH Monitoring—A Brief Review

Bohîlțea

Mihai²,

Ducu³

et al. 2022

Diagnostics

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In this study, we explore the “why?”, and “how?”, monitoring the pH of the fetal scalp is used, and show its limitations. In addition, we review the development of new devices based on the modern physics and nanomaterials serving this topic. Most of the works we found in our search have focused on improving the prognostic of fetal heart rate monitoring, because it is the “golden standard” in determining fetal distress. Although the best-known screening method, it can only provide limited information about the actual status of the fetus. The best predictive assessment, with the highest reproducibility, states that a normal fetal heart rate is indicative of a healthy baby. However, its excellent sensitivity is much reduced when identifying the actual “distress”. This is when second-line monitoring methods come into play to guide the diagnostics and direct the obstetrician towards an action plan. Although a historic method, fetal scalp pH sampling is still under review as to its efficiency and place in the current obstetrics. Continuous surveillance of the fetal parameters is important, especially for the fetuses undergoing intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR). Since fetal scalp blood sampling is still under research and is a randomized controlled trial, which compares the relevance of pH and lactates to the obstetrical situation, the maternal-fetal medicine could greatly benefit from the introduction of engineered nanomedicines to the field.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Innovative Methods of Fetal pH Monitoring—A Brief Review

Bohîlțea

Mihai²,

Ducu³

et al. 2022

Diagnostics

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“…The authors calculated the PPG signal using an adaptive green and red differentiation function, which they developed themselves. Researchers Jeremy Speth et al recently proposed that chrominance features on the face could be used to detect heart rate [18]. To estimate the PPG signal from the chrominance features of data in this study, the authors devised an adaptive matrix computation method, which they tested in this work [19].…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Heartbeat and Respiration Rate Prediction Using Combined Photoplethysmography and Ballisto Cardiography

Ramasamy¹,

Samiappan²,

Ramesh³

2023

Intelligent Automation &Amp; Soft Computing

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Owing to the recent trends in remote health monitoring, real-time applications for measuring Heartbeat Rate and Respiration Rate (HARR) from video signals are growing rapidly. Photo Plethysmo Graphy (PPG) is a method that is operated by estimating the infinitesimal change in color of the human face, rigid motion of facial skin and head parts, etc. Ballisto Cardiography (BCG) is a nonsurgical tool for obtaining a graphical depiction of the human body's heartbeat by inducing repetitive movements found in the heart pulses. The resilience against motion artifacts induced by luminance fluctuation and the patient's mobility variation is the major difficulty faced while processing the real-time video signals. In this research, a video-based HARR measuring framework is proposed based on combined PPG and BCG. Here, the noise from the input video signals is removed by using an Adaptive Kalman filter (AKF). Three different algorithms are used for estimating the HARR from the noise-free input signals. Initially, the noise-free signals are subjected to Modified Adaptive Fourier Decomposition (MAFD) and then to Enhanced Hilbert vibration Decomposition (EHVD) and finally to Improved Variation mode Decomposition (IVMD) for attaining three various results of HARR. The obtained values are compared with each other and found that the EHVD is showing better results when compared with all the other methods.

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“…This finding was made by the researchers of the previous study. PPG epochs that were at least 30 seconds long were utilized in a number of validation procedures; nonetheless, shorter recordings are preferable for utilization in clinical applications [ 24 ]. In the future, further study will be required since the data length of the PPG signal is so short.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptography-Based Medical Signal Securing Using Improved Variation Mode Decomposition with Machine Learning Techniques

Shukla

Akanbi

Asakipaam

et al. 2022

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

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There is no question about the value that digital signal processing brings to the area of biomedical research. DSP processors are used to sample and process the analog inputs that are received from a human organ. These inputs come from the organ itself. DSP processors, because of their multidimensional data processing nature, are the electrical components that take up the greatest space and use the most power. In this age of digital technology and electronic gizmos, portable biomedical devices represent an essential step forward in technological advancement. Electrocardiogram (ECG) units are among the most common types of biomedical equipment, and their functions are absolutely necessary to the process of saving human life. In the latter part of the 1990s, portable electrocardiogram (ECG) devices began to appear on the market, and research into their signal processing and electronics design capabilities continues today. System-on-chip (SoC) design refers to the process through which the separate computing components of a DSP unit are combined onto a single chip in order to achieve greater power and space efficiency. In the design of biomedical DSP devices, this body of research presents a number of different solutions for reducing power consumption and space requirements. Using serial or parallel data buses, which are often the region that consumes the most power, it is possible to send data between the system-on-chip (SoC) and other components. To cut down on the number of needless switching operations that take place during data transmission, a hybrid solution that makes use of the shift invert bus encoding scheme has been developed. Using a phase-encoded shift invert bus encoding approach, which embeds the two-bit indication lines into a single-bit encoded line, is one way to solve the issue of having two distinct indicator bits. This method reduces the problem. The PESHINV approach is compared to the SHINV method that already exists, and the comparison reveals that the suggested PESHINV method reduces the total power consumption of the encoding circuit by around 30 percent. The computing unit of the DSP processor is the target of further optimization efforts. Virtually, all signal processing methods need memory and multiplier circuits to function properly.

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The Current State of Optical Sensors in Medical Wearables

Cited by 56 publications

References 309 publications

Current Innovative Methods of Fetal pH Monitoring—A Brief Review

Current Innovative Methods of Fetal pH Monitoring—A Brief Review

Heartbeat and Respiration Rate Prediction Using Combined Photoplethysmography and Ballisto Cardiography

Cryptography-Based Medical Signal Securing Using Improved Variation Mode Decomposition with Machine Learning Techniques

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