The curve kick of a football II: flight through the air

Carré, M. J.; Asai, Takeshi; Akatsuka, Takao; Haake, Steve

doi:10.1046/j.1460-2687.2002.00109.x

Cited by 94 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This may explain the low C L and very low C D values reported by Carre et al [12] who assumed these as constants in the flight model used for determining the coefficients. The results of Maccoll [19], also included in Fig.…”

Section: Fig 8 Ball 3 Aerodynamic Coefficients As a Function Of Spinmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…An article published by PhysicsWeb [11] gives an estimate of the critical Reynolds number to be at approximately 4 Â 10 5 , and quotes a Magnus force of 3.5 N for 10 r/s and 30 m/s, but does not indicate where this data came from or how it was obtained. Indirect force estimations have been made by Carre et al [12], who fired footballs from a specially designed projection machine and recorded the flight using two high speed cameras. The forces were calculated using a flight model and optimization code, assuming that C D , C L , and spin rate were constant throughout flight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental studies of the aerodynamics of spinning and stationary footballs

Passmore

Tuplin

Spencer

et al. 2008

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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The accurate discrimination of the aerodynamic parameters affecting the flight of sports balls is essential in the product development process. Aerodynamic studies reported to date have been limited, primarily because of the inherent difficulty of making accurate measurements on a moving or spinning ball. Manufacturers therefore generally rely on field trials to determine ball performance, but the approach is time-consuming and subject to considerable variability. The current paper describes the development of a method for mounting stationary and spinning footballs in a wind tunnel to enable accurate force data to be obtained. The technique is applied to a number of footballs with differing constructions and the results reported. Significant differences in performance are noted for both stationary and spinning balls and the importance of the ball orientation to the flow is highlighted. To put the aerodynamic data into context the results are applied in a flight model to predict the potential differences in the behaviour of each ball in the air. The aerodynamic differences are shown to have a considerable effect on the flight path and the effect of orientation is shown to be particularly significant when a ball is rotating slowly. Though the techniques reported here are applied to a football they are equally applicable to other ball types.

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Section: Fig 8 Ball 3 Aerodynamic Coefficients As a Function Of Spinmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental studies of the aerodynamics of spinning and stationary footballs

Passmore

Tuplin

Spencer

et al. 2008

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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show abstract

“…Note-se que as bolas de golfe sofrem a crise a um número de Reynolds particularmente baixo, graças ao planejamento cuidadoso das cavidades em sua superfície. As bolas de futebol comuns podem ser consideradas como razoavelmente lisas, mas não se sabe ao certo onde está o seu ponto de crise [9,10]. Outro complicadoré o grau de turbulência já existente no ar, que pode deflagrar a crise mais cedo.…”

Section: A Crise Do Arrasto E a Camada Limiteunclassified

“…Medidas da força de Magnus em bolas de beisebol e futebol (todas feitas com o eixo de rotação perpendicularà velocidade, ou seja ζ = π/2) parecem indicar que C M ≈ 1, dependendo fracamente de S, e menos ainda de Re [10,12,13,14,15,16]. Há também alguma evidência de que C Mé independente de ζ [13].…”

Section: O Efeito Magnusunclassified

A aerodinâmica da bola de futebol

Aguiar

Rubini

2004

Rev. Bras. Ensino Fís.

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Estudamos as forças aerodinâmicas que atuam sobre uma bola de futebol. Analisando o vídeo de uma jogada famosa de Pelé, nós mostramos que um fenômeno curioso, a crise do arrasto, influenciou significativamente o movimento da bola. O efeito Magnus, associadoà rotação da bola, também revelou-se importante para o desfecho da jogada. Usando um programa de computador que simula o movimento de bolas chutadas em diferentes condições, discutimos vários aspectos do lance de Pelé e da Física do futebol, em particular as bolas de efeito e a folha seca de Didi. Palavras-chave: Física dos esportes, futebol, crise do arrasto, efeito Magnus.We study the aerodynamic forces acting on a soccer ball. Analyzing the video of a famous shot by Pelé, we show that a curious phenomenon, the drag crisis, greatly influenced the motion of the ball. The Magnus effect, caused by the rotation of the ball, was also important to the outcome of the kick. Using a computer code that simulates the flight of balls we discuss several aspects of Pelé's shot and of soccer physics, in particular bending kicks and Didi's dry leaf. Keywords: physics of sports, soccer, drag crisis, Magnus force. IntroduçãoA Física dos esportesé umaárea de estudos fascinante, com aplicações práticas evidentes e um grande potencial pedagógico [1,2,3]. O futebol, em particular, como esporte mais popular do mundo (para não falar em certo país), pode dar uma motivação especial ao aprendizado de muitos tópicos da Física.Neste trabalho nós estudamos as forças aerodinâmicas que atuam sobre uma bola de futebol. Mostramos que um fenômeno notável, a "crise do arrasto", desempenha um papel importante em situações normais de jogo. A crise do arrastoé a redução abrupta que a resistência do ar sofre quando a velocidade da bola aumenta além de um certo limite. Esseé um fenômeno bem conhecido na dinâmica de fluidos, embora não seja usualmente tratado nos cursos de Física Básica (uma exceçãoé a Ref. [4]). Nós demonstramos a importância da crise do arrasto para o jogo de futebol analisando um lance famoso, o gol que Pelé perdeu na Copa de 1970, no jogo contra a Tchecoslováquia. Para isto, digitalizamos um vídeo contendo a jogada, e obtivemos a trajetória da bola com um programa de análise de imagens desenvolvido por nós. Um segundo programa simula o movimento da bola levando em conta as forças aerodinâmicas que atuam sobre ela. A comparação desses cálculos com os dados extraídos do filme mostra que nãoé possível descrever o movimento da bola chutada por Pelé sem levar em conta a crise do arrasto. Outro fenômeno aerodinâmico importante para a compreensão da jogadaé o efeito Magnus, causado pela rotação da bola. Nossa análise da trajetória mostra que Pelé aumentou significativamente o alcance da bola chutando-a com "efeito".O artigo está organizado da seguinte maneira. Na Seção 2 discutimos a resistência do ar e a crise do arrasto. A relação da crise com a turbulência na camada limiteé abordada na Seção 3. Na Seção 4 discutimos a importância da crise do arrasto em diferentes es-1 Enviar corresp...

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“…Similar tests have been conducted on spinning balls to measure their Magnus force and trajectory [3][4][5]. Attempts have also been made to measure the aerodynamic characteristics of footballs by free flight tests that closely approximate the actual processes [6,7]. These previous studies mostly involved measurement of the forces such as the drag and lift that act on the ball.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Visualisation around Spinning and Non-Spinning Soccer Balls Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method

Asai

Hong

Kimachi

et al. 2018

The 12th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association

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Abstract:The drag and lift of footballs have been mainly measured by wind tunnel tests. In the present study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the lattice Boltzmann method were used to visualise the wakes of spinning and non-spinning footballs and analyse the dynamics of the observed vortex structures. The dominant vortex structures in the wakes of the footballs were determined to be large-scale counter-rotating vortex pairs. The fluctuation of the vortex pair for the spinning football was also estimated to be smaller and more stable than that for the non-spinning football. Although the presence of an unstable, large-scale counter-rotating vortex pair in the wake of a non-spinning ball has been previously observed in wind tunnel tests, the present study particularly found that the dominant vortex structure of a spinning ball was a stable, large-scale counter-rotating vortex pair.

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The curve kick of a football II: flight through the air

Cited by 94 publications

References 10 publications

Experimental studies of the aerodynamics of spinning and stationary footballs

Experimental studies of the aerodynamics of spinning and stationary footballs

A aerodinâmica da bola de futebol

Flow Visualisation around Spinning and Non-Spinning Soccer Balls Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method

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