The cytoskeleton and epidermal morphogenesis in

Ding, Mei; Woo, Wei‐Meng; Chisholm, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.08.017

Cited by 40 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Taken together, almost complete depletion of sulfation activity affects early events of embryogenesis, such as proliferation, gastrulation, and differentiation, whereas moderate inhibition causes a specific epidermal elongation defect. To date, a number of genes involved in the elongation process have been cloned (2,3), indicating that the process is very complicated at the cellular and molecular levels. Two major factors are required for the process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which is an ideal model organism for the study of morphogenesis, embryos undergo a 4-fold increase in length and a 3-fold decrease in circumference without cell division after the cell proliferation phase (1). The elongation process requires proper patterning and shape change of the epidermis (hypoderms) and body wall muscle cells adjacent to the hypodermis in C. elegans (2,3). In the patterning and shape change of the hypodermis and the body wall muscle, both the basement membrane, which is positioned between them, and dynamic cytoskeletal changes play an important role (2,3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The elongation process requires proper patterning and shape change of the epidermis (hypoderms) and body wall muscle cells adjacent to the hypodermis in C. elegans (2,3). In the patterning and shape change of the hypodermis and the body wall muscle, both the basement membrane, which is positioned between them, and dynamic cytoskeletal changes play an important role (2,3). On the other hand, the extracellular cuticle that surrounds the hypodermis contributes to the maintenance of the final shape of the worms after the elongation (1).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Essential Roles of 3′-Phosphoadenosine 5′-Phoshosulfate Synthase in Embryonic and Larval Development of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Dejima

Seko

Yamashita

et al. 2006

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Sulfation of biomolecules, which is widely observed from bacteria to humans, plays critical roles in many biological processes. All sulfation reactions in all organisms require activated sulfate, 3-phosphoadenosine 5-phosphosulfate (PAPS), as a universal donor. In animals, PAPS is synthesized from ATP and inorganic sulfate by the bifunctional enzyme, PAPS synthase. In mammals, genetic defects in PAPS synthase 2, one of two PAPS synthase isozymes, cause dwarfism disorder, but little is known about the consequences of the complete loss of PAPS synthesis. To define the developmental role of sulfation, we cloned a Caenorhabditis elegans PAPS synthasehomologous gene, pps-1, and depleted expression of its product by isolating the deletion mutant and by RNA-mediated interference. PPS-1 protein exhibits specific activity to form PAPS in vitro, and disruption of the pps-1 gene by RNAi causes pleiotropic developmental defects in muscle patterning and epithelial cell shape changes with a decrease in glycosaminoglycan sulfation. Additionally, the pps-1 null mutant exhibits larval lethality. These data suggest that sulfation is essential for normal growth and integrity of epidermis in C. elegans. Furthermore, reporter analysis showed that pps-1 is expressed in the epidermis and several gland cells but not in neurons and muscles, indicating that PAPS in the neurons and muscles is provided by other cells.Body and tissue morphologies are generated by orchestrated events of cell movements and cell shape changes at an appropriate time and place. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which is an ideal model organism for the study of morphogenesis, embryos undergo a 4-fold increase in length and a 3-fold decrease in circumference without cell division after the cell proliferation phase (1). The elongation process requires proper patterning and shape change of the epidermis (hypoderms) and body wall muscle cells adjacent to the hypodermis in C. elegans (2, 3). In the patterning and shape change of the hypodermis and the body wall muscle, both the basement membrane, which is positioned between them, and dynamic cytoskeletal changes play an important role (2, 3). On the other hand, the extracellular cuticle that surrounds the hypodermis contributes to the maintenance of the final shape of the worms after the elongation (1).Sulfation, a common chemical modification of biomolecules, is critical for many biological processes. For example, sulfation of lipooligosaccharide signals determines the symbiosis between the bacteria Rhizobium meliloti and alfalfa (4). In vertebrates, tyrosine sulfation of chemokine receptor CCR5 facilitates HIV entry (5), and terminal SO 4 -4GalNAc of the pituitary hormone lutropin, which plays a critical role in the expression of hormone activity, modulates the circulatory half-life of the hormone (6). Proper sulfation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 2 is required for interactions with several extracellular signaling molecules; therefore, disrupting the genes that encode enzymes mediating sulfation reactions caus...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Essential Roles of 3′-Phosphoadenosine 5′-Phoshosulfate Synthase in Embryonic and Larval Development of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Dejima

Seko

Yamashita

et al. 2006

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Current knowledge about the IF cytoskeleton in C. elegans will be summarized with main emphasis on the intestinal IFs, since previous reviews concentrated primarily on the contribution of IFs to epidermal function [e.g., Chin-Sang and Chisholm, 2000;Ding et al, 2004] and on nuclear lamin IFs [e.g., Fridkin et al, 2004;Melcer et al, 2007]. The C. elegans intestine is a ''simple'' epithelial tube consisting only of 20 polarized and tightly-associated cells which are, however, subject to multiple patterning and morphogenetic events [McGhee, 2007;McGhee et al, 2009].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermediate filaments in Caenorhabditis elegans

Carberry

Wiesenfahrt

Windoffer

et al. 2009

Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton

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Intermediate filaments (IFs) make up one of the three major fibrous cytoskeletal systems in metazoans. Numerous IF polypeptides are synthesized in cell typespecific combinations suggesting specialized functions. The review concentrates on IFs in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans which carries great promise to elucidate the still unresolved mechanisms of IF assembly into complex networks and to determine IF function in a living organism. In contrast to Drosophila melanogaster, which lacks cytoplasmic IFs altogether, the nematode genome contains 11 genes coding for cytoplasmic IFs and only a single gene for a nuclear lamin. Its cytoplasmic IFs are expressed in developmentally and spatially defined patterns. As an example we present the case of the intestinal IFs which are abundant in the mechanically resilient endotube, a prominent feature of the C. elegans intestinal terminal web region. This IF-rich structure brings together all three cytoskeletal filaments that are integrated into a coherent entity by the C. elegans apical junction (CeAJ) thereby completely surrounding and stabilizing the intestinal lumen with its characteristic brush border. Concepts on the developmental establishment of the endotube in relation to polarization and its function for maintenance of epithelial integrity are discussed. Furthermore, possible connections of the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton to the nuclear lamin IFs and the importance of these links for nuclear positioning are summarized. Cell

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“…There are three main classes of perlecan splice variants, short, medium, and long (S, M, L), that are expressed in age and tissue specific manners. Perlecan null mutants arrest during the elongation phase of embryogenesis as a result of a defect in basement membrane function that may produce a corresponding defect in organization of the epidermal cytoskeleton (Williams and Waterston, 1994;Ding et al, 2004). Alternate splicing can give rise to M and L variants that vary in the number of immunoglobulin (Ig) repeats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective assembly of fibulin‐1 splice variants reveals distinct extracellular matrix networks and novel functions for perlecan/UNC‐52 splice variants

Muriel

Kramer

et al. 2006

Developmental Dynamics

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Fibulin-1C and fibulin-1D splice variants have been conserved throughout metazoan evolution and have distinct functions in Caenorhabditis elegans development. Both splice variants are required for the assembly of hemidesmosome-mediated mechanosensory neuron and uterine attachments, although the molecular associations that underlie their distinct functions at these locations are not known. Here, we show that the assembly of fibulin-1C and fibulin-1D splice variants at these anchorages is dependent upon distinct components of the extracellular matrix (ECM): Fibulin-1D assembly at uterine and mechanosensory neurons attachments is dependent upon a perlecan/ UNC-52 splice variant that includes alternately spliced IG8-IG10, whereas the assembly of fibulin-1C at mechanosensory neuron attachments is dependent upon laminin/ EPI-1. These data not only indicate that fibulin-1C and fibulin-1D are components of distinct networks of ECM but also demonstrates a novel function for a major class of perlecan splice variants found in C. elegans and mouse. In addition, we demonstrate that overexpression of another ECM protein, collagen XVIII, can suppress gonad morphogenesis defects associated with loss of fibulin-1C, suggesting that some genetic defects that result in a weakened basement membrane can be compensated by overexpression of genes for ECM components that stabilize basement membranes.

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The cytoskeleton and epidermal morphogenesis in

Cited by 40 publications

References 39 publications

Essential Roles of 3′-Phosphoadenosine 5′-Phoshosulfate Synthase in Embryonic and Larval Development of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Essential Roles of 3′-Phosphoadenosine 5′-Phoshosulfate Synthase in Embryonic and Larval Development of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Intermediate filaments in Caenorhabditis elegans

Selective assembly of fibulin‐1 splice variants reveals distinct extracellular matrix networks and novel functions for perlecan/UNC‐52 splice variants

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