The D-region ion composition and electron density response to strong solar proton events (model simulations)

Ondrášková, Adriena

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2004.11.017

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Ionospheric Effects1

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“…Solar protons with energies higher than 100 MeV can penetrate down to stratospheric heights (30 km). Energetic particles interact with the atmospheric molecules and, as a result, extra NOx, OHy, electrons and ions are formed and affect the chemical and ionic balance in the stratosphere, mesosphere as well as in the lowest part of the ionosphere (Ondraskova, 2005).…”

Section: Ionospheric Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, many authors (Kavanagh et al, 2004;Ondraskova, 2005;Ohya et al, 2006;Pirog et al, 2006;Tsurutani et al, 2006, for instance) agree that extreme solar flares can lead to extreme ionospheric effects. Enhancements in ionospheric total electron content of $ 30% nominal values were observed in association to the Bastille Day, 2000 flare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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