The Damping and Drag Coefficient of Quartz Tuning Fork in Superfluid 
                $$^{3}\hbox {He}$$
                
                    
                                    
                        
                            
                                
                                3
                            
                            He
                        
                    
                
            –
                $$^{4}\hbox {He}$$

The excitation of concentration and temperature fluctuations in waves of the first and second sounds, as well as in the thermal wave, by a vibrating tuning fork, in a superfluid 3He–4He solution with a concentration of 3Не exceeding 10% was studied. In particular, the possibility of emission of second sound and dissipative thermal wave by an oscillating tuning fork, the efficiency of such emission as a function of the solution concentration, and the possible effect of this emission on the damping of the tuning fork vibrations, which have been observed in experiments but not explained theoretically to date, are considered in this paper.

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The critical velocity of transition to turbulence in 3He–4He liquid solutions

Vrakina

Rudavskiı̆

Соколов

et al. 2020

Low Temperature Physics

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The transition between laminar and turbulent flows around a quartz tuning fork vibrating with frequency ω in superfluid 4He and concentrated solutions (5 and 15% 3He in 4He) in the temperature range 0.3–2.3 K has been studied. The temperature dependences of the amplitude of the critical transition velocity vcr are obtained. The relationship vcr ∼ √(ηω/ρ) is shown to be applicable for the description of these dependences in concentrated solutions of 3He in 4He with density ρ and viscosity η, but this formula does not hold for the temperature dependence of vcr in pure 4He over the entire temperature range explored. It is also shown that in contrast to pure 4He temperature has virtually no effect in concentrated 3He–4He solutions on the drag coefficient in both laminar and turbulent regimes. The concentration dependences of the drag coefficient in the laminar regime normalized to the effective cross section of the vibrating body are plotted in the temperature range 0.5–1 K. The calculated dependences show that for low concentrations of a solution with x3 < 1% 3He the normalized drag coefficient weakly depends on the concentration of 3He and can be qualitatively described by the formula λ/S∼ρηω. In the x3 > 1% 3He concentration range, this coefficient increases sharply, and the reason for such a growth is currently not clear. Overall, the results of the study show that an increase in the 3He concentration in the solution enhances its stability with respect to the development of turbulence as the exciting force of a quartz tuning fork increases.

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The Damping and Drag Coefficient of Quartz Tuning Fork in Superfluid $$^{3}\hbox {He}$$ 3 He – $$^{4}\hbox {He}$$

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Heat Transfer in $$^{3}\hbox {He}$$ 3 He – $$^{4}\hbox {He}$$ 4 He Mixtures in Cylindrical Geometry

Heat Transfer in $$^{3}\hbox {He}$$ 3 He – $$^{4}\hbox {He}$$ 4 He Mixtures in Cylindrical Geometry

Excitation of concentration and temperature fluctuations by vibrating bodies in superfluid 3Не–4Не solution

The critical velocity of transition to turbulence in 3He–4He liquid solutions

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