The Dark Matter Crisis: Falsification of the Current Standard Model of Cosmology

Kroupa, Pavel

doi:10.1071/as12005

Cited by 242 publications

(298 citation statements)

References 269 publications

(547 reference statements)

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“…Other observations which are in disagreement with the CDM model have been recently listed by Kroupa [7]. One can find in the literature a large number of papers explaining either the accelerated expansion and/or dark matter by changing either the geometrical part of Einstein's field equations (EFEs) (termed modified gravity) or the matter part (addition of some scalar and/or tensor fields).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

General relativistic, nonstandard model for the dark sector of the Universe

Stichel

Zakrzewski

2015

Eur. Phys. J. C

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We present a general relativistic version of the self-gravitating fluid model for the dark sector of the Universe (darkon fluid) introduced in Stichel and Zakrzewski (Phys Rev D 80:083513, 2009) and extended and reviewed in Stichel and Zakrzewski (Entropy 15:559, 2013). This model contains no free parameters in its Lagrangian. The resulting energy-momentum tensor is dustlike with a nontrivial energy flow. In an approximation valid at sub-Hubble scales we find that the present-day cosmic acceleration is not attributed to any kind of negative pressure but it is due to a dynamically determined negative energy density. This property turns out to be equivalent to a time-dependent spatial curvature. The obtained cosmological equations, at sub-Hubble scales, agree with those of the nonrelativistic model but they are given a new physical interpretation. Furthermore, we have derived the self-consistent equation to be satisfied by the nonrelativistic gravitational potential produced by a galactic halo in our model from a weak-field limit of a generalized TolmanOppenheimer-Volkoff equation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

General relativistic, nonstandard model for the dark sector of the Universe

Stichel

Zakrzewski

2015

Eur. Phys. J. C

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“…More questionable is the purely hypothetical cold dark matter in form of exorbitant amounts of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), which ought to be present mainly in halos around galaxies, but which escape observation by any independent means. According to a recent analysis (Kroupa 2012), dark matter cannot bring concordance cosmology into agreement with the whole set of relevant astronomical data. Alternative approaches are represented by theories such as Milgrom"s modified Newtonian dynamics (MoND) (Milgrom 1983, 2002, Bekenstein 2004, Famaey & McGaugh 2012 and other approaches with the same objective (Moffat 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From magnitudes and redshifts of supernovae, their light-curves, and angular sizes of galaxies to a tenable cosmology

Traunmüller

2014

Astrophys Space Sci

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Early physical cosmologies were based on interpretations of the cosmic redshift for which there was insufficient evidence and on theories of gravitation that appear to be falsified by galactic dynamics. Eventually, the big bang paradigm came to be guarded against refutation by ad hoc hypotheses (dark matter, cosmic inflation, dark energy) and free parameters. Presently available data allow a more satisfactory phenomenological approach. Using data on magnitude and redshift from 892 type Ia supernovae, it is first shown that these suggest that the redshift factor (1 + z) is simply an exponential function of distance and that, for "standard candles", magnitude m = 5 log[(1 + z) ln(1 + z)] + const. While these functions are incompatible with a big bang, they characterize certain tired light models as well as exponential expansion models. However, the former are falsified by the stretched light curves of distant supernovae and the latter by the absence of a predicted 1+z increase in the angular sizes of galaxies. Instead, the observations suggest that physical processes speed up and objects contract uniformly as an exponential function of time, standards of measurement not excluded, and only free waves being excepted. Distant events proceed, then, more slowly, while angular sizes remain unaffected, approximately as observed. Since all objects contract in proportion, the Universe retains a static appearance. A corresponding physical theory, which should also explain galactic dynamics, remains yet to be derived from first principles. A way to do this, satisfying also Mach"s principle, is vaguely suggested.

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“…The recently found planar structures in the distribution of the satellite galaxies of the Milky Way and M 31 (Pawlowski et al 2013), when understood, may cast light on the early history of the Local Group and may be relevant to more realistic calculations than the present ones. In fact, it has been argued that their existence may be a problem for the ΛCDM framework (Kroupa 2012). In one alternative scheme, the Milgrom gravity, the dynamical history of the Milky Way and M 31 differs from that in the ΛCDM model, with an encounter expected to have occurred 7 to 11 Ga ago (Zhao et al 2013), when part of the outflying dwarf galaxies might have been formed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hubble diagram for a system within dark energy: influence of some relevant quantities

Saarinen

Teerikorpi

2014

A&A

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Aims. We study the influence of relevant quantities, including the density of dark energy (DE), to the predicted Hubble outflow around a system of galaxies. In particular, we are interested in the difference between two models: 1) the standard ΛCDM model, with the everywhere constant DE density, and 2) the "Swiss cheese model", where the Universe is as old as the standard model and the DE density is zero on short scales, including the environment of the system. Methods. We calculated the current predicted outflow patterns of dwarf galaxies around the Local Group-like system, using different values for the mass of the group, the local DE density, and the time of ejection of the dwarf galaxies, which are treated as test particles. These results are compared with the observed Hubble flow around the Local Group. Results. The predicted distance-velocity relations around galaxy groups are not very sensitive indicators of the DE density, owing to the observational scatter and the uncertainties caused by the mass used for the group and a range in the ejection times. In general, the Local Group outflow data agree with the local DE density being equal to the global one, if the Local Group mass is about 4 × 10 12 M ; a lower mass < ∼ 2×1012 M could suggest a zero local DE density. The dependence of the inferred DE density on the mass is a handicap in this and other common dynamical methods. This emphasizes the need to use different approaches together, for constraining the local DE density.

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The Dark Matter Crisis: Falsification of the Current Standard Model of Cosmology

Cited by 242 publications

References 269 publications

General relativistic, nonstandard model for the dark sector of the Universe

General relativistic, nonstandard model for the dark sector of the Universe

From magnitudes and redshifts of supernovae, their light-curves, and angular sizes of galaxies to a tenable cosmology

The Hubble diagram for a system within dark energy: influence of some relevant quantities

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