The Daytime PBL Heating Process over Complex Terrain in Central Japan under Fair and Calm Weather Conditions

Kuwagata, Tsuneo; Masuko, Naofumi; Sumioka, Masatoshi; Kondo, Junsei

doi:10.2151/jmsj1965.68.6_639

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A few investigators, including Gamo et al (1982) and Kuwagata et al (1990) for Japan, Stunder and Sethuraman (1985) for the United States, and Gryning (1985) for Denmark, have analyzed the spatial variations of the atmospheric mixing layer in coastal areas. Similar studies as related to the EM basin are quite limited and deal also mainly with the conditions not directly located over the open sea but rather at sites distant from the coastline.…”

Section: Atmospheric Dispersion Conditions Over the Eastern Mediterramentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric pollution over the eastern Mediterranean during summer – a review

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The eastern Mediterranean (EM) is one of the regions in the world where elevated concentrations of primary and secondary gaseous air pollutants have been reported frequently, mainly in summer. This review discusses published studies of the atmospheric dispersion and transport conditions characterizing this region during the summer, followed by a description of some essential studies dealing with the corresponding concentrations of air pollutants such as ozone, carbon monoxide, total reactive nitrogen, methane, and sulfate aerosols observed there.The interlaced relationship between the downward motion of the subsiding air aloft induced by global circulation systems affecting the EM and the depth of the Persian Trough, a low-pressure trough that extends from the Asian monsoon at the surface controlling the spatiotemporal distribution of the mixed boundary layer during summer, is discussed. The strength of the wind flow within the mixed layer and its depth affect much the amount of pollutants transported and determine the potential of the atmosphere to disperse contaminants off their origins in the EM. The reduced mixed layer and the accompanying weak westerlies, characterizing the summer in this region, led to reduced ventilation rates, preventing an effective dilution of the contaminants. Several studies pointing at specific local (e.g., ventilation rates) and regional peculiarities (long-range transport) enhancing the build-up of air pollutant concentrations are presented.Tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) concentrations observed in the summer over the EM are among the highest over the Northern Hemisphere. The three essential processes controlling its formation (i.e., long-range transport of polluted air masses, dynamic subsidence at mid-tropospheric levels, and stratosphere-to-troposphere exchange) are reviewed. Airborne campaigns and satellite-borne initiatives have indicated that the concentration values of reactive nitrogen identified as precursors in the formation of O 3 over the EM were found to be 2 to 10 times higher than in the hemispheric background troposphere. Several factors favor sulfate particulate abundance over the EM. Models, aircraft measurements, and satellite-derived data have clearly shown that sulfate has a maximum during spring and summer over the EM. The carbon monoxide (CO) seasonal cycle, as obtained from global background monitoring sites in the EM, is mostly controlled by the tropospheric concentration of the hydroxyl radical (OH) and therefore demonstrates high concentrations over winter months and the lowest concentrations during summer when photochemistry is active. Modeling studies have shown that the diurnal variations in CO concentration during the summer result from long-range CO transport from European anthropogenic sources, contributing 60 to 80 % of the boundary-layer CO over the EM. The values retrieved from satellite data enable us to derive the spatial distribution of methane (CH 4 ), identifying August as the month with the highest levels over the EM. The outcomes of a...

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Section: Atmospheric Dispersion Conditions Over the Eastern Mediterramentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric pollution over the eastern Mediterranean during summer – a review

et al. 2017

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“…Characterizing the structure of the MLD spatial variation offshore over the EM basin is important for getting better insight into the processes which control the dispersion of contaminants over the sea. A few investigators, including Gamo et al (1982) and Kuwagata et al (1990) for Japan, Stunder and Sethuraman (1985) for the United States, and Gryning (1985) for Denmark, have analyzed the spatial variations of the atmospheric mixing layer in coastal areas. Similar studies as related to the EM basin are quite limited and deal also mainly with the conditions not directly located over the open sea but rather at sites distant from the coastline.…”

Section: Atmospheric Dispersion Conditions Over the Eastern Mediterraneanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean concentrations obtained for this campaign were 1.4 ± 2.0, 6.0 ± 8.8, and 14.8 ± 7.3 ppbv for HONO, NO, and NO 2 , respectively. The HONO mixing ratios obtained clearly point at the typical diurnal cycle with nighttime maxima and daytime minima (Lammel and Cape, 1996). Ranmar et al (2002) addressed the dynamics of transboundary air pollution, where transportation emissions (such as NO x and VOC) originating from Israeli major coastal sources impact the onshore mixing layer.…”

Section: Local Formation and Long-range Transport Of Total Reactive Nitrogen (No Y )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric pollution concentrations over the Eastern Mediterranean during summer – A review

Dayan

Ricaud

Zbinden

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. The Eastern Mediterranean (EM) is one of the regions in the world where elevated concentrations of primary and secondary gaseous air pollutants have been reported frequently, mainly in summer. This review discusses published studies of the atmospheric dispersion and transport conditions characterizing this region during the summer, followed by a description of some essential studies dealing with the corresponding concentrations of air pollutants such as ozone, carbon monoxide, total reactive nitrogen, methane and sulfate aerosols observed there. The interlaced relationship between the downward motion of the subsiding air aloft induced by global circulation systems affecting the EM and the depth of the Persian Trough, a low-pressure trough that extends from the Asian monsoon at the surface controlling the spatio-temporal distribution of the mixed boundary layer during summer is discussed. The strength of the wind flow within the mixed layer and its depth affect much the amount of pollutants transported and determine the potential of the atmosphere to disperse contaminants off their origins in the EM. The reduced mixed layer and the accompanying weak westerlies, characterizing the summer in this region, lead to reduced ventilation rates, preventing an effective dilution of the contaminants. Several studies pointing at specific local (e.g. ventilation rates) and regional peculiarities (long-range transport) enhancing the building up of pollutant concentrations are presented. Tropospheric ozone concentrations observed in the summer over the EM are among the highest over the Northern Hemisphere. The three essential processes controlling its formation (i.e., long- range transport of polluted air masses, dynamic subsidence at mid-tropospheric levels, and stratosphere-to-troposphere exchange) are reviewed. Airborne campaigns and satellite-borne initiatives have indicated that the concentration values of reactive nitrogen identified as precursors in the formation of ozone over the EM were found to be 2 to 10 times higher than in the hemispheric background troposphere. Several factors favor sulfate particulate abundance over the EM. Models, aircraft measurements, and satellite derived data, have clearly shown that sulfate has a maximum during spring and summer over the EM. The carbon monoxide (CO) seasonal cycle, as obtained from global background monitoring sites in the EM is mostly controlled by the tropospheric concentration of the hydroxyl radical (OH), and therefore demonstrates high concentrations over winter months and the lowest during summer when photochemistry is active. Modeling studies have shown that the diurnal variations in CO concentration during the summer result from long-range CO transport from European anthropogenic sources, contributing 60 to 80&#8201;% of the boundary-layer CO over the EM. The values retrieved from satellite data enable us to derive the spatial distribution of methane (CH4), identifying August as the month with the highest levels over the EM. The outcomes of a recent extensive examination of the distribution of methane over the tropospheric Mediterranean Basin, as part of the Chemical and Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx) program, using model simulations and satellite measurements is coherent with other previous studies. Moreover, this methane study provides some insights on the role of the Asian monsoon anticyclone in controlling the variability of CH4 pollutant within mid-to-upper tropospheric levels above the EM in summer.

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“…However, a precise estimation of the wind resource without field measurements at hub height is difficult in the Korean Peninsula because of the irregularly distributed wind associated with the geographical distribution, meteorological synoptic patterns and local wind circulation patterns. (Kuwagata et al, 1990;Banta et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of wind resource using numerically optimized data in the southwestern Korean Peninsula

Kim

Lee

2010

Asia-Pacific J Atmos Sci

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The wind distribution over the Korean Peninsula was analyzed using numerically optimized wind data to reduce the uncertainties in estimating the wind resources. The simulated data were validated by a comparison with surface wind observations and three statistical indexes. According to the simulated surface winds, mesoscale circulation, such as land-sea breeze and mountain-valley winds affect the wind characteristics of the hub height at coastal and inland regions. However, the prevailing winds are strongly associated with the synoptic forcing at the island and mountainous regions, not the regional circulation. On the other hand, the atmospheric stability definitely affects the strength of the daytime and nocturnal wind speed at a hub height. Overall, there was a significant difference between the numerical and logarithmic method to estimate the wind energy at hub height. Moreover, the discrepancy in the wind density estimated using the two methods becomes clear over inland and mountainous areas.

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The Daytime PBL Heating Process over Complex Terrain in Central Japan under Fair and Calm Weather Conditions

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Atmospheric pollution over the eastern Mediterranean during summer – a review

Atmospheric pollution over the eastern Mediterranean during summer – a review

Atmospheric pollution concentrations over the Eastern Mediterranean during summer – A review

Evaluation of wind resource using numerically optimized data in the southwestern Korean Peninsula

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