The Ddevelopment and Designation Testing of a New USEPA-Approved Fine Particle Inlet: A Study of the USEPA Designation Process

Kenny, L.C.; Merrifield, Thomas; Mark, D.; Gussman, Robert A.; Thorpe, A.

doi:10.1080/027868290502290

Cited by 37 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, cyclonic devices, such as those used in this study, were demonstrated to have significant advantages over impactors for extended operation and high mass loadings. (37) In this study the MCSA successfully segregated mass loadings exceeding 600 mg with no detectable deterioration of the cyclone cut point performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A Multi-Cyclone Sampling Array for the Collection of Size-Segregated Occupational Aerosols

Mischler

Cauda

Giuseppe

et al. 2013

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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In this study a serial multi-cyclone sampling array capable of simultaneously sampling particles of multiple size fractions, from an occupational environment, for use in in vivo and in vitro toxicity studies and physical/chemical characterization, was developed and tested. This method is an improvement over current methods used to size-segregate occupational aerosols for characterization, due to its simplicity and its ability to collect sufficient masses of nano- and ultrafine sized particles for analysis. This method was evaluated in a chamber providing a uniform atmosphere of dust concentrations using crystalline silica particles. The multi-cyclone sampling array was used to segregate crystalline silica particles into four size fractions, from a chamber concentration of 10 mg/m(3). The size distributions of the particles collected at each stage were confirmed, in the air, before and after each cyclone stage. Once collected, the particle size distribution of each size fraction was measured using light scattering techniques to further confirm the size distributions. As a final confirmation, scanning electron microscopy was used to collect images of each size fraction. The results presented here, using multiple measurement techniques, show that this multi-cyclone system was able to successfully collect distinct size-segregated particles at sufficient masses to perform toxicological evaluations and physical/chemical characterization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A Multi-Cyclone Sampling Array for the Collection of Size-Segregated Occupational Aerosols

Mischler

Cauda

Giuseppe

et al. 2013

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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“…10,11 21 showed that PM 2.5 samplers with VSCCs satisfied EPA criteria for equivalency. 22 As shown in Table 3 12 Several of the continuous instruments and PM speciation samplers have been equipped with a SCC or VSCC.…”

Section: Size-selective Inletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Integrated and Continuous Measurements for Particle Mass and Chemical Composition

Chow

Doraiswamy

Watson

et al. 2008

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Recent improvements in integrated and continuous PM 2.5 mass and chemical measurements from the Supersite program and related studies in the past decade are summarized. Analytical capabilities of the measurement methods, including accuracy, precision, interferences, minimum detectable levels, comparability, and data completeness are documented. Upstream denuders followed by filter packs in integrated samplers allow an estimation of sampling artifacts. Efforts are needed to: (1) address positive and negative artifacts for organic carbon (OC), and (2) develop carbon standards to better separate organic versus elemental carbon (EC) under different temperature settings and analysis atmospheres. Advances in thermal desorption followed by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS) provide organic speciation of approximately 130 nonpolar compounds (e.g., n-alkanes, alkenes, hopanes, steranes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]) using small portions of filters from existing integrated samples. Speciation of water-soluble OC (WSOC) using ion chromatography (IC)-based instruments can replace labor-intensive solvent extraction for many compounds used as source markers. Thermal gasbased continuous nitrate and sulfate measurements underestimate filter ions by 10 -50% and require calibration against on-site filter-based measurements. IC-based instruments provide multiple ions and report comparable (Ϯ10%) results to filter-based measurements. Maintaining a greater than 80% data capture rate in continuous instruments is labor intensive and requires experienced operators. Several instruments quantify black carbon (BC) by optical or photoacoustic methods, or EC by thermal methods. A few instruments provide real-time OC, EC, and organic speciation. BC and EC concentrations from continuous instruments are highly correlated but the concentrations differ by a factor of two or more. Site-and season-specific mass absorption efficiencies are needed to convert light absorption to BC. Particle mass spectrometers, although semiquantitative, provide much information on particle size and composition related to formation, growth, and characteristics over short averaging times. Efforts are made to quantify mass by collocating with other particle sizing instruments. Common parameters should be identified and consistent approaches are needed to establish comparability among measurements.

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“…This method is similar to aerosol monitor tests (Vanderpool et al 2001; Kenny et al, 2004) used to assess monitor stability and response time (NIOSH, 2012). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Low-Cost Hydrogen Sulfide Monitors for Use in Livestock Production

Beswick-Honn

Peters

Anthony

2017

Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health

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Direct-reading gas monitors warn workers of the risk of potentially fatal hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exposures that may arise during manure handling. Low-cost, low-maintenance H2S monitors are available from many manufacturers, but differences in their features and performance make selection challenging for farmers. Moreover, little information is available on the practical maintenance and performance of these devices in agricultural environments. The objective of this study was to provide information to agricultural workers to aid in the selection, maintenance, and use of low-cost H2S monitors. This laboratory study evaluated the performance of several low-cost monitors over a simulated period of use of one year in a swine barn. Four models were exposed to H2S concentrations of 1 to 10 ppm over 18 weeks to examine the drift in reported concentration and changes in the alarm reaction time. Over the simulated barn year, the performance of alarm-only monitors declined faster than that of monitors displaying the H2S concentration. Of concern was the high-level (20 ppm) alarm failures after an equivalent of 139 days (Altair) and 289 days (BW Clip) in a swine barn, well within the monitor’s reported shelf-life. Models displaying concentration exhibited fewer failures but were inaccurate in the displayed concentration when challenged with 20 ppm of H2S. The T40 Rattler provided consistently higher readings (+2.3 ppm), and the Pac 3500 showed consistently lower readings (−3.4 ppm) when challenged with 20 ppm. This study confirms the need for routine bump tests for these low-cost monitors to ensure that the monitor reacts to the presence of H2S, even if the manufacturer does not recommend this procedure. Most importantly, agricultural workers should inspect and bump test these monitors prior to any potentially high-risk activity, such as manure agitation, pumping, or pressure washing, to ensure that the monitor appropriately detects and warns users.

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The Ddevelopment and Designation Testing of a New USEPA-Approved Fine Particle Inlet: A Study of the USEPA Designation Process

Cited by 37 publications

References 15 publications

A Multi-Cyclone Sampling Array for the Collection of Size-Segregated Occupational Aerosols

A Multi-Cyclone Sampling Array for the Collection of Size-Segregated Occupational Aerosols

Advances in Integrated and Continuous Measurements for Particle Mass and Chemical Composition

Evaluation of Low-Cost Hydrogen Sulfide Monitors for Use in Livestock Production

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