The Decline in Men's Labor Force Participation and Income and the Changing Structure of Family Economic Support

Wilkie, Jane Riblett

doi:10.2307/353137

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Scholars have noted a departure from the male breadwinner model in developed countries since the 1970s for reasons such as the rising female educational attainment, the increasing entry of highly educated women into the labor force, and the growing job insecurity of male workers (Blossfeld and Buchholtz 2009;Charles and James 2005;Wilkie 1991). However, there is reason to believe this model still holds strongly for immigrant families, given their gendered migration and host country labor market experiences (Creese and Wiebe 2012;Pedraza 1991).…”

Section: The Male Breadwinner Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic Variations in Immigrant Poverty Exit and Female Employment: The Missing Link

Kaida

2015

Demography

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Despite widespread interest in poverty among recent immigrants and female immigrant employment, research on the link between the two is limited. This study evaluates the effect of recently arrived immigrant women’s employment on the exit from family poverty and considers the implications for ethnic differences in poverty exit. It uses the bivariate probit model and the Fairlie decomposition technique to analyze data from the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC), a nationally representative survey of immigrants arriving in Canada, 2000–2001. Results show that the employment of recently arrived immigrant women makes a notable contribution to lifting families out of poverty. Moreover, the wide ethnic variations in the probability of exit from poverty between European and non-European groups are partially explained by the lower employment rates among non-European women. The results suggest that the equal earner/female breadwinner model applies to low-income recent immigrant families in general, but the male breadwinner model explains the low probability of poverty exit among select non-European groups whose female employment rates are notably low.

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Section: The Male Breadwinner Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic Variations in Immigrant Poverty Exit and Female Employment: The Missing Link

Kaida

2015

Demography

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“…In 1992, 12.9% of all families with earners were supported by single parents. Although families were twenty times more likely to be supported by one male earner than by one female earner in 1960, in 1988 families were less than three times as likely to be supported by one male earner (Wilkie, 1991). These changes raise difficult questions about equality and the equitable treatment of employed men and women as workers and family members.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It has become increasingly difficult for husband-only earner families to remain financially viable. Wilkie (1991) pointed out that men's labor force participation has been falling--from 85% of all men and 89% of married men in 1960, to 75% of all men and 78% of married men in 1988. Better retirement and disability options have made it easier for older men to retire; increased expectations for qualifications and decreased job security make it more difficult for younger men to begin and maintain employment.…”

Section: Iv'"mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A call for greater attention to the role of employers in developing, transforming, and implementing family policies

MacDermid

Targ

1995

J Fam Econ Iss

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ABSTRACT. The authors contend that employer-initiated workplace policies should be considered as part of the patchwork that constitutes U.S. family policy. To provide a background, historical evidence of employer-initiated policies intentionally used as family policies is summarized. The view is then explicated that failure to take economic conditions and workplace policies into account may lead to faulty conclusions about the reasons for major changes in family life. The current status of selected employer-initiated workplace policies and recent trends is summarized. Next, some of the dilemmas inherent in considering connections between government-and employer-initiated policies are identified. Finally, suggestions for future directions are offered. The article should be considered with the following caveat in mind: the focus is exclusively on the influence of policies on families, but families are not merely reactive.

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“…In the American society, the labor market is generally perceived as discriminatory against women based on the fact that researchers have continuously demonstrated that males are more likely to secure employment and earn more for the same work than their female counterparts. Hence, there have been associations between gender and economic opportunities (Bielby & Baron, 1986;Correll & Benard, 2007;McDonald, Lin, & Ao, 2009;Wilkie, 1991). In this research, the variable ESEX determined whether study participants identify themselves as male or female.…”

Section: Immigration Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent Participation in Federally-Funded Welfare Programs and Empowerment toward Economic Self-Sufficiency

Joseph¹

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All rights reserved.iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I hereby thank the members of my committee for their support, patience, and guidance, all of which were essential to achieving this work. I have been appreciative of their gentle but firm direction throughout the realization of the comprehensive papers, the dissertation proposal, and the dissertation itself. Dr. Barbara Thomlison contributed significantly to the development of this dissertation, mainly in terms of the research rationale, selection of relevant theories and critical analysis of the literature. Dr. Paul H.Stuart was instrumental in identifying poverty as a social problem and tracing the historical development of relevant U.S. social welfare policies put forth to address the problem. Dr. Chris Girard brought a critical perspective in the refinement of the theoretical perspectives, the hypotheses, and the methodology used in this project. although eligible for these benefits-did not receive them. Based on the premises of the theory of policy design and social construction, the culture of poverty theory, the racial classification model, and the social control thesis, the following two hypotheses were formulated: (1) Low-income households who receive one or more lower-tier federal means-tested benefits will be less likely to attain and maintain economic self-sufficiency vii than their counterparts who do not participate in federal welfare programs and (2) Lowincome households that enroll in more welfare programs will have worse self-sufficiency outcomes than their counterparts that participate in fewer programs. The survey respondents were measured repeatedly over a 56-month period to assess whether welfare receipt impacts their household income steadily beyond 150 percent of the federal poverty level, after controlling for known predictors. Findings from binomial logistic regression displayed medium effect sizes indicating that participation in public assistance did decrease the likelihood of attainment and maintenance of economic self-sufficiency among low-income American households. These findings were interpreted within the context of pre-existing differences that may have existed between the intervention group and the comparison group which were not accounted for in the multivariate analysis.

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The Decline in Men's Labor Force Participation and Income and the Changing Structure of Family Economic Support

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Ethnic Variations in Immigrant Poverty Exit and Female Employment: The Missing Link

Ethnic Variations in Immigrant Poverty Exit and Female Employment: The Missing Link

A call for greater attention to the role of employers in developing, transforming, and implementing family policies

Concurrent Participation in Federally-Funded Welfare Programs and Empowerment toward Economic Self-Sufficiency

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